托福综合写作

综合写作TankertankerDesign题型分析•时间：3分钟阅读，字数300左右；1~2分钟听力，长度与阅读相当；20分钟写作，长度150~225字•文体：正规书面文体。不可使用诸如“doesn’t”等非正规文体和口语词汇，可模仿阅读中的遣词造句。•题目：共分三个部分，阅读，听力，写作。TankertankerDesign5Aresponseatthisleveleffectivelyaddressesthetaskbyconveyingrelevantinformationfromthelecture;andaccuratelyrelateskeyinformationfromthelecturetoinformationinthereading;andIswellorganizedandcoherent;andcontainsappropriategrammarandvocabulary,withonlyoccasionalminorlanguageerrors.文章切题，包含听力中的相关信息；将听力主要信息与阅读材料信息准确对应；段落组织有序，衔接紧密；用词确切，语法规范，有少量拼写错误.4Aresponseatthislevelgenerallyconveysrelevantinformationfromthelecture,butmayhaveminoromissions;andisgenerallygoodinrelatinginformationfromthelecturetoinformationinthereading,butmayhaveminorinaccuraciesorvaguenessofsomecontentorconnectionsamongideas;andisgenerallywellorganized;andcontainsappropriategrammarandvocabulary,butmayhavenoticeableminorlanguageerrorsoroccasionallackofclarity.文章基本切题，基本包含了听力中的相关信息，但有少许遗漏；信息组织基本合理，但有少许不准确之处或某些内容或观点间的衔接不清晰；段落组织基本有序；用词确切，语法规范，有明显的拼写错误或偶尔表述不清。评分标准TankertankerDesign评分标准3Aresponseatthislevelcontainssomerelevantinformationfromthelecture,butmayomitonekeypoint;orconveyssomeconnectionsbetweenthelectureandthereading,butsomecontentorconnectionsamongideasmaybeincomplete,inaccurate,orvague;orcontainserrorsingrammarorusagethatresultinvaguenessofsomecontentorconnectionsamongideas包含了听力中的某些相关信息，但遗漏了一个要点；阐述了听力与阅读的某些联系，但某些内容或观点间的联系不完整，不准确或含糊不清；包含语法错误影响了某些内容或观点间联系的表达TankertankerDesign评分标准2Aresponseatthislevelcontainssomerelevantinformationfromthelecture,butmayhavesignificantomissionsorinaccuraciesofkeypoints;orOmitsorlargelymisrepresentstheconnectionsbetweenthelectureandthereading;orContainslanguageerrorsthatobscuremeaningofkeyideasorconnectionsamongideas.包含听力材料中的某些相关信息，但有重大遗漏或要点表述错误；遗漏或嵌解了听力与材料间的联系；语法错误严重影响内容表达1Aresponseatthislevelcontainslittleornorelevantcontentfromthelecture;orfailstoconnectpointsfromthelectureandreading;orcontainslanguageerrorsthatgreatlyobscuremeaning;oristoobrieftoallowevaluationofwritingproficiency.没有或有很少听力中的相关信息；没能将听力与阅读建立起联系；语法错误严重影响表达；篇幅太小影响评分0Aresponseatthislevelonlycopiessentencesfromthereading;orisnotrelatedtothegiventopic;oriswritteninalanguageotherthanEnglish;orisblank.仅从阅读材料中抄袭句子；与主题无关；用除英语外的其它语言写作；空白卷TankertankerDesign•通过对评分标准进行分析，我们知道了ETS对于一篇好的综合写作作文的要求：•细节缺一不可(example,reason,detail)•不能跑题（unity）•结构紧凑（organization）•段落过渡流畅(coherent)•用词多样化，丰富(variety)评分标准TankertankerDesign•Castingdoubts:质疑-Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheycancastdoubtonspecificpointsmadeinthereadingpassage.-Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheychallengespecificclaims/argumentsmadeinthereadingpassage.•Problem-solution解决问题Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretospecificallyexplainhowtheyanswertheproblemsraisedinthereadingpassage.综合写作综述-IntegratedWritingTankertankerDesign注意事项•Statethekeypointclearlyinthefirstsentenceoftheparagraphwithminimumdetail.(每段第一句阐明主要观点，尽量少谈细节)•Eachparagraphshouldconveyonemajorpointandsupportitwithrelevantdetailsorexplanation.(每段包含的主要观点必须有相关的细节说明或解释)•作文主体完成后的注意事项：•Allowtimetocorrectgrammarandvocabularyerrors.(留出时间检查语法与单词拼写)TankertankerDesign综合作文的文章结构总分式总分总式TankertankerDesign笔记原则阅读•以词为单位•观点是重点•构成自己的笔记习惯听力：•以词为单位•注重细节、例子、解释TankertankerDesign综合写作听力•用缩写表示名词概念、动词、部分形容词•用符号替代逻辑关系•结构：1、2、3•因果：→•转折•增加或减少•大于或小于TankertankerDesignReading笔记框架MainPoints:_________________________________________________________________________________1.Topicsentence:evidence1)________________________________evidence2)______________________________2.Topicsentence:evidence1)_______________________________evidence2)______________________________TankertankerDesign听力内容缩写技巧单词/短语缩写单词/短语缩写ImportantIMPInterestINTSTMessageMSGMaximumMAXDetailDTMinimumMINInformationINFONoLaterThanNLTPeoplePLAsMuch/ManyAsPossibleAMAPIndividualINDIVAsSoonAsPossibleASAPEffectEFDepartmentDEPTQualityQULTSituationSITNQuantityQUTYForYourReferenceFYRDangerousDGSForExampleE.G.TankertankerDesign听力内容符号表达单词/短语符号单词/短语符号Wrong,negative,somethingbad,incorrect,inappropriate…×Right,Correct,positive,somethinggood,appropriate,suitable…√Many,lotsof,agreatdealof,plenty,agoodmanyof...﹥Bigger/larger/better/greater/morethan…＋Little,few,lack,beinshortageof,inshortof…﹣Less/smaller/fewerthan…﹤Among,within,inbetweenof,inthemiddleof…()Means,thatistosay,thesameas,beequalto,inotherwords…＝About,around,just,approximately,merely…～Bedifferent/identical/distinctfrom…≠Increase,raise,add…↗Decrease,down,reduce,lessen...↘TankertankerDesign听力内容符号表达单词/短语符号单词/短语符号But,onthecontrary,however,ontheotherhand,unfortunately…（转折）∧Inparticular,especially,remember,look…（强调）ESPAnd,aswellas,notonly…butalso,either…or,Neither…nor…（并列）&Forexample/instance,suchas/like,say,specifically…（举例）e.g.Because,since,for,dueto,accordingto,come,originate,resultfrom…（因）←So,therefore,hence,result,leadto,resultin,then…（果）→Inotherwords,putitthisway…（解释）i.e.Inconclusion/sum,tosumup,fromtheabove,allinall,anyway…（总结）○TankertankerDesignNoteTakingReadingListeningRightLeftScratchPaper折线TankertankerDesignConclusionEvidence1Evidence3Evidence2Supportingexamp