Altera-FPGA介绍

©2011AlteraCorporation—ConfidentialIntroductionandthearchitectureofFPGAIntroductionandthearchitectureofFPGA©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential2EvolutionofIntegratedCircuits1960individualtransistors1960s–1970s:SSI,MSI,LSI(10,000transistors)1980s:ProgrammableLogicDevices(PLAs,PALs)16-bit,32-bitprocessors(1,000,000transistors)1990s:FullcustomchipsGatearrays(semi-customchips)Field-ProgrammableGateArrays100,000,000transistors2010:1,000,000,000transistorsIntelQuad-coreItanium(2billion)Firsttransistor,Patented1964©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential3Inteli4004(1971)2,300transistorsInteli486(1988)Inteli486(1988)1.2milliontransistorsP4(2000)P4(2000)55milliontransistors291milliontransistorsCore2Duo(2006)Core2Duo(2006)©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential4StratixIVGXFPGA2.5billiontransistors©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential5WhyTeachStudentsaboutFPGAs?Field-ProgrammableGateArraysareprogrammablehardwarechipsCanbeusedtoimplementanydigitalhardwarecircuitDigitalhardwareisfoundisalmostallmodernproductsConsumerproduces,likeaudioandvideoplayersTelephoneandtelevisionequipmentCars,airplanes,trainsMedicalequipment,andindustrialcontrolFPGAsare…everywhere©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential6IndustriesthatuseFPGAsIndustriesthatuseFPGAsCommunicationsBroadcastConsumerAutomotiveTest,Measurement&MedicalComputer&StorageMilitary&Industrial©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential7TraditionalFPGAApplications©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential8AlteraFPGAApplications©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential9ConsumerApplicationsSet-TopBoxesLCD,PlasmaDisplays/TVsCamcordersPrintersTouchPanelsDVDPlayersHandheldMediaPlayersConsumerMusic©2011AlteraCorporation—ConfidentialWhatareFPGAsandwhyshouldweusethem?WhatareFPGAsandwhyshouldweusethem?©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential11FPGAFieldProgrammableGateArrayAlargesetofprogrammablelogicelementsConnectedwithprogrammableswitchesFPGA:re-programmablehardware©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential12FPGAArchitecture:LogicElementLookuptable(LUT)implementsany4-inputlogicfunctionActualLEissignificantlymorecomplex©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential13……………………FPGAArchitectureLogicelementLAB…Logicarrayblock(LAB)IOcellsProgrammableswitch©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential14StratixIVGX(morethan10milliongates)AdaptiveLogicModulesRAMBlocks(M9K&M144K)©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential15DigitalSignalProcessingDSPBlocks©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential16GeneralI/OProgrammableI/O©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential17ClockManagementDelayLockedLoops(DLLs)PhaseLockedLoops(PLLs)©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential18SerialInterfacesHighSpeedSerialInterfaces©2011AlteraCorporation—ConfidentialIntroducingArriaIIGXFPGAsHighfunctionalityOptimizedlogic,memory,anddigitalsignalprocessing(DSP)ratiosfor3-GbpsapplicationsUpto16transceivers@3.75GbpsLowestpower3-GbpsFPGA40-nmprocesswith0.9Vcorevoltage100mWpertransceiverchannelIntegratedpoweroptimizationtoolDesignwitheaseBuilt-inPCIExpresshardIPSingledesignenvironmentJump-startdesignwithprotocolIPpacks,referencedesignsanddevelopmentkitsLowestpower,costoptimizedfor3Gbps20Gbpsforunder3W20Gbpsforunder3W©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential20ArriaIIGXFamilyDeviceEquivLEsMaximumTransceiverChannels(1)PCIExpressHardIPBlocksTotalMemoryMBits18X18MultipliersMax.LVDSI/O(1)(2)Phase-lockedloops(PLLs)(1)EP2AGX2016K410.9856484EP2AGX3027K411.6144484EP2AGX4545K813.4228564EP2AGX6563K815.2312564EP2AGX9594K1216.7448646EP2AGX125124K1218.1576646EP2AGX190190K1619.9656966EP2AGX260256K16111.8736966Notes:1)NumberoftransceiverchannelsandLVDSI/Odeterminedbypackaging.2)MaximumLVDSI/Odenoteschannelswithbuilt-inSERDES(upto1Gbps).SeeHandbookfordetails.©2011AlteraCorporation—ConfidentialArriaIIGXTransceiverBlockArchitectureUpto4transceiverblocksLeftsideofdeviceonlyDynamicreconfigurationsupportArriaIIGXdevicewith8transceiverchannels(2transceiverblocks)FPGA-TransceiverCCUCMU1CMU0TransceiverChannel3TX3&RX3TransceiverChannel2TX2&RX2TransceiverChannel1TX1&RX1TransceiverChannel0TX0&RX0SerialLinkCCU=ClockControlUnit;CMU=ClockManagementUnit©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential22WhyuseFPGAs?Problem:CreateanapplicationtoprocessalotofdataquicklyHow?Alternatives:Processor?Easytowritecode,lowperformance,powerhungryGateArray(ASIC)?Veryhighperformance,lowpower,veryhardtodesign,expensivetomanufactureField-ProgrammableGateArray?nomanufacturingneeded(justprogram),easiertodesignforthanASIC,highperformance,lowerpowerthanaprocessor©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential23IncreasingChipDevelopmentCostIncreasingChipDevelopmentCostTotalDevelopmentCost(M$)4520403530251500.18µm0.15µm0.13µm90nm65nm45nmMasks&WafersTest&ProductEngineeringSoftwareDesign/Verification&Layout©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential24QuartusIICADToolsGettingaProductOutDesignTestOK?YesNoArriaIIGX©2011AlteraCorporation—Confidential25QuartusIIDesignFlowDesignEntryDesignEntryTimingConstraintsTimingConstraintsSynthesisSynthesisPlacementandRoutingTiming,Area,PowerOptimizationPlacementandRoutingTiming,Area,PowerOptimizationTimingandPowerAnalyzerTimingand