哲学英语基础词汇

哲学专业英语Westernphilosophy西方哲学AncientGreek-Romanphilosophy古希腊罗马哲学Hellenisticphilosophy希腊化哲学Medievalphilosophy中世纪哲学Renaissancephilosophy文艺复兴哲学Modernwesternphilosophy西方近代哲学Contemporarywesternphilosophy西方现代哲学Jewishphilosophy犹太哲学马克思主义哲学PhilosophyofMarxism中国哲学ChinesePhilosophy外国哲学ForeignPhilosophy逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学ScienceofReligion科学技术哲学PhilosophyofScienceandTechnology艺术哲学PhilosophyofartMetaphysics形而上学Epistemology认识论/知识论Methodology方法论ontology本体论Cosmology宇宙论/宇宙生成论Theoryofvalue/axiology价值论Cognosciblism可知论Agnosticism不可知论Materialism唯物主义Irrationalism非理性主义abstract/concrete抽象/具体Idealism唯心主义Objective/Subjectiveidealism客/主观唯心主义Scepticism怀疑主义Substance实体Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性Theism有神论Antitheism无神论Deism自然神论pantheism泛神论Dialecticalmaterialism辩证唯物主义Historicalmaterialism历史唯物主义Lawofidentity同一律teleology目的论mechanism机械论dialectics辩证法consciousness意识spirit精神belief信念nature自然reality现实，实在possibility可能性Illusion幻想imagination想象力Mysticism神秘主义Spiritualism唯灵论form形式existence存在appearance现象essence本质primematter原初质料motion运动Continuity/non-Continuity连续性/间断性timeandspace时间与空间Past-present-future过去/现在/未来causeandeffect原因与结果subjectandobject主体与客体subjectivity主体性Necessityandcontingency必然性与偶然性Universalsandindividuals个别与一般/共相与殊相/普遍与个别relativeandabsolute相对与绝对intuition直觉idea观念thought思维perception知觉subsistence潜在knowledge知识opinion意见Nature自然Actuality/reality现实Reality实在Necessityandfreedom必然与自由archetype原型illusion幻象image形像，影像ideology意识形态mind-bodyproblem身心问题representativetheoryofidea表象说finiteandinfinite有限与无限humanism人道主义，人文主义Naturaltheology自然神学substratum基质being存在non-being非存在atom原子void虚空element元素fourroots四根self-knowledge自知Becoming/decay生成/衰亡bisection两分法becoming生成irony讥讽Virtueisknowledge美德即知识worldofidea理念世界Infiniteregressargument无穷后退证明senseworld感性世界，感官世界harmony和谐theoryofImitation模仿说copy摹本archetype模型，原型paradigm范式modelofuniversal宇宙模型，世界模型soulofuniversal宇宙灵魂，世界灵魂Philosopher-king哲学王passion激情Wisdom/courage/temperance/justice智慧/勇敢/节制/正义（fourcardinalvirtue四主德）Desire/passion欲望/激情artificer工匠，创造者Genus种primary/secondarysubstance第一、二实体formandmatter形式与质料accident偶性potentialityandactuality潜能与现实efficientcause动力因finalcause目的因Good/highestgood善/至善Category范畴activereason/activeintellect主动理性/主动理智mean中道，中庸wisdom智慧Practicalwisdom实践智慧intellectualvirtue理智德性theliar说谎者logosoftheuniverse宇宙理性Theoryofrecollection回忆说pythagoreanism毕达哥拉斯主义atomism原子论Goodbeingnature善即自然doctrineoflikeknowslike同类相知说platonism柏拉图主义theoryofidea理念论aristotelianism亚里士多德主义purification净化说induction归纳法canonic准则学privation缺失，匮乏Cynics犬儒学派sophists智者academy学园/柏拉图学园/雅典学园academics学园派Christianity基督教Christianphilosophy基督教哲学Judaism犹太教heresy异端Churchfathers教父Providence天意，天命theology神学faith/hope/love信仰/希望/热爱grace神恩，神惠，恩宠Originalsin原罪Justificationbyfaith因信称义realism唯实论（extreme/moderate）cosmologicalargument宇宙论证明Moralargument道德论证明Rationalism唯理论（materialistic/idealistic）Empiricism经验论（materialistic/idealistic）Socialcontracttheory社会契约论Geographicaldeterminism地理环境决定论ClassicalGermanphilosophy德国古典哲学Thereformation宗教改革运动Enlightenment启蒙运动Frenchmaterialism法国唯物主义Mechanisticmaterialism机械唯物论maximum极大minimum极小utopia乌托邦universalintellect普遍理智propertyandform性质与形式extension广延firstprinciple第一原理Real/nominalessence实在/名义本质causation因果关系cause原因/effect结果experience经验Material/Spiritualsubstance物质/精神实体thinkingsubstance思想实体，思维实体Innateidea天赋观念theoryofsubstance实体论theoryofattribute属性论trueidea真观念attribute属性experience经验（external/internal）sensationandreflection感觉与反省abstraction抽象作用abstractidea抽象观念Simple/complexidea简单/复杂观念Immaterialism非物质主义personalidentity人格同一性schoolofcontinentalRationalism大陆理性派Britishempirists英国经验派Cambridgeplatonism剑桥柏拉图主义Scottishschoolofcommonsense苏格兰常识学派OldHegelians老年黑格尔派YoungHegelians青年黑格尔派RightHegelians黑格尔右派LeftHegelians黑格尔左派Speculativephilosophy思辨哲学Relative/finitesubstance相对的或有限的实体Absolute/infinitesubstance绝对的或无限的实体Infiniteattribute无限的属性Theoryofmodes样态论Mode样态，样式Sensation/reflection感觉/反省External/internalexperience外部/内部经验Abstraction抽象作用Smallperception微知觉Principleofcontinuity连续性原则Ideaofsubstance/modes/relations实体/情状/关系观念real/fantasticalideas实在/幻想观念Intuitive/demonstratic/probable直觉/证明/或然知识real/nominalessence实在/名义本质innatehumanright天赋人权willofall全体意志cognition认知Completenotion完满性观念（莱布尼兹）Bestofallpossibleworld可能世界中的最佳者sentiment情感——sentimentalismscienceofhumannature人性科学humannature/humanity人性existenceistobeperceived存在就是被感知immaterialism非物质论ideaandnotion观念与意念impressionandideas印象与观念contiguityintimeandspace接近关系causalrelation因果关系Appearance现象（康德）criticalphilosophy批判哲学dogmatism独断论copernicanrevolution哥白尼的革命purereason纯粹理性appearance现象practicalreason实践理性goodwill善良意志morallaw道德律Analytic-synthetic分析-综合Sensibility/understanding/reason感性/知性/理性command律令representation表象Metaphysicaldeduction形而上学演绎Metaphysicalexposition形而上学阐明Metaphysicsofmorals道德性而上学Metaphysicsofnature自然形而上学transcendentalidealism先验唯心主义Kantianism康德主义transcendental先验的transcendent超验的Transcendentalillusion先验幻象Transcendentallogic先验逻辑Transcendentalideal先验的理想Transcendentalreflection先验反思Aprioriandsyntheticjudgement先天综合判断taste鉴赏力Thing-for-itself为我之物Apriori先天Aposteriori后天Anthropology人本学Absolutereligion绝对宗教Freespirit自