英语词汇学课件 Unit 6

UNIT6SENSERELATIONS(I)Contents一词多义及同形异义1语境的作用2歧义与含混3WhatsenserelationsdoyouthinkexistbetweenEnglishwords?PolysemyHomonymySynonymyAntonymyHyponymyDiscussion6.1Polysemy6.1.1DefinitionPolysemy:thesituationinwhichawordhastwoormorerelatedmeanings,alsocalledpolysemia.Monosemicwords&polysemicwords词的使用频率越高，词义就越多，它的生命力就越强。（get:150多个义项）6.1.2Sourceofthesituation词义的概括性词义的演变6.1.3RelationsbetweendifferentmeaningsofapolysemicwordPrimarymeaningvs.extendedmeaningE.g.candidate,painGeneralizedmeaningvs.specializedmeaningE.g.manAbstractmeaningvs.concretemeaningE.g.room,beautyLiteralmeaningvs.metaphoricalmeaningE.g.mouth,footEx.P155ExI-IV6.2Homonymy6.2.1DefinitionHomonymy:thesituationinwhichtwoormorewordsareidenticalinsoundorspellingbutdifferentinmeaning.6.2.2Sourceofthesituation多数情况纯属巧合Ear:耳朵（O.E.eare)穗(O.E.oer)long:长（O.E.lang)渴望（O.E.langian)Fair:市场（Latin:feria)美丽的(O.E.foeger)Ball:球（O.E.beallu)舞会（O.F.baler)Ad/add,rock,NOW/now部分情况是语言发展的需要6.2.3TypesofhomonymPerfecthomonym:bank,date,earHomophone:son/sun,sight/site,meat/meet/meteHomograph/heteronym:lead/lead,tear/tear6.3Homonymyvs.Polysemy区分标准词的意义之间有没有联系词源EtymologicaldoubletsE.g.flower/flour;frail/fragileEx.P160Ex.VII-VIII6.4Context6.4.1DefinitionContext:thelinguisticenvironmentofaforminasentence;thesocial,spatial,temporalsituationinwhichaformisproduced.6.4.2Linguisticcontext&extra-linguisticcontextpun(双关）longtimenosea/seefineforparking6.5Ambiguity&vagueness6.5.1AmbiguityAmbiguity:theconditionwherebyanylinguisticformhastwoormoreinterpretations.TwokindsofambiguityGrammatical/syntacticambiguityIlikegoodfoodandwine.LexicalambiguityTheycanfish.(pragmaticambiguity)ReasonsleadingtolexicalambiguityAreyouengaged?unlockableanEnglishteacher6.5.2vaguenessReferentialvaguenessIndeterminacyofmeaningLackofspecificationDisjunctionfuzziness(词义的模糊性）6.5.3ambiguityvs.vaguenessSusansaidtoMarythatshewasabeautifulgirl.课后作业Textinhere预习教材第六单元。重点预习反义词类型并思考：black和white是什么类型的反义词？