高中虚拟语气学案

1语法讲解——虚拟语气英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中假设种类虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形与过去相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,could＋have+过去分词与将来相反1.If+主语+动词过去式2.If+主语+weretodo3.If+主语+shoulddo主语＋should,would,might,could＋动词原形1.表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：Ifwe_______(have)timenow,we_____________(read)itagain.IfI___________(be)you,I_____________(work)hard.2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthetest.IfI________________(know)yourtelephonenumberthen,I_____________________(call)you.3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：Ifit__________________________(snow)tomorrow,they________________(notgo)out.P.S虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1).混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyou__________________(follow)myadvice,you_____________(be)betternow.IfI________________(be)you,I________________(take)hisadvice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/should/had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→________________________,whatwouldyoudo?Ifhehadrecognizedme,hewouldhavecomeover.→____________________,hewouldhavecomeover.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.Hefeltverytiredyesterday,or/otherwisehe__________________(attend)theparty.二．虚拟语气用于从句中，should可以省略的情况1.在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist（要求）,order,prefer,command,ask,request.Theteacherorderedthatallthebooks(should)behandedinontime.P.S.当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。Hesuggestedthatwe___________(offer)ourhelptothem.Hispuzzledexpressionsuggestedthathe____________(notunderstand)whattheAmericanmeant.Iinsistedthattheboy_____________(wash)hishandsbeforehavingsupper.IinsistedthatI___________(take)theearlytrainthatmorning.2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice,desire,request,demand,proposal,suggestion,preference,requirement,order.Hisproposalisthatwe(should)getridofthebadhabits.（表语从句）Weareallfortheproposalthattwe(should)getridofthebadhabits.（同位语从句）3.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在itis+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。①常见的这类形容词有：surprising,natural,necessary,strange,important,regretful.②常见的这类过去分词有：decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.③常见的这类名词有：duty,pity,nosurprise,nowonder,regret,shame.Itwassuggestedthathe_________(join)theclubactivities.Itisstrange(surprising,disappointing)thatshe(should)nothavebeeninvited.Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.三．从句中虚拟时态后移的结构①wish/ifonly后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形Hewishhe_______________(buy)thedictionarylastSunday.IwishI____________(fly)tothemooninaspaceshiponeday.HowIwishI______________(nothave)somuchhomework.IfonlyI________(be)aflyingbird!IfonlyI_______________(see)thefilm!2.在asif/asthough引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+asif/though+主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+asif/though+主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）2主语+asif/though+主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）Hetalksasifhe________________(know)allaboutit.ShespeaksEnglishwellasifhe_____________________(speak)inAmerica.HelearnsEnglishsohardasifhe___________(go)abroad.3.在itis(high)timethat…句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should+动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。Itistimethatwe____________________________(go)home.P.S.此句型中，注意与‘It/Thisisthe+序数词+timethat+现在完成式的区别。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.4.wouldrather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。wouldrather+主语+______________________（表示与现在或将来相反）wouldrather+主语+________________________（表示与过去相反）I’dratherhedidn’tgonow.I’dratheryouhadn’tdoneityesterday.5.动词hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’Hehadmeanttobuythefurniturelastweek,butitrained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）PartA.1.Ifpeople______(drive)moreslowly,therewouldn’tbesomanyaccidents.2.Ifyouhadworkedcarefully,you_____(notmake)somanymistakes.3.Theboatwouldn’thavedriftedaway,ifwe_____(tie)itup.4.IfIhadknownyoualready_____(have)atypewriter,I_____(not,buy)oneforyourbirthday.5.Ifhe_____(be)herethisafternoonIwouldgowithhim.6.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thematch_____(postpone).7.Butforyourhelp,we______(notbe)abletofinishtheworkintime.8.Ifit_____(not,be)fortheleadershipoftheParty,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuch.9.IwishI_____(study)hardwhileIwasyoung.10.Itisabouttimethatfence______(mend).11.Myrequestisthatwe______(hold)anothersessiontodiscusstheproblem.12.Itisstrangethatthecar_____(break)downatexactlythesameplacewhereit_____(break)downyesterday.13.Thebabysmiledasifhe_____(understand)whathismother_____(say).14.Hetalkedasifhe_____(do)alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandI_____(do)mostofit.15.Ifonlywe_____(have)aphone!I’mtiredofqueuingoutsidethepublicphonebox.16.-----“Canwecomeinlatetomorrow?”-----“I’dratheryou_____(come)inontime.”17.Helooksasifhe_____(be)illforalongtime.18.Healwaystalksasthoughhe______(address