高一英语知识点总结(下册)教学知识点归纳总结

中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台1高一英语知识点总结（下册）教学知识点归纳总结·英语小窍门·句型与句子结构(句型层次表)第一层第二层例句简单句主谓Iamcoming.主谓宾Ilikecats.主谓宾宾Iboughtyouabook.Iboughtabookforyou.主谓宾补Iseldomseehimdomorningexercises.主谓表Iamateacher.Heisverytall.并列句主谓+主谓(and,or,but,for)Iphonedhimbuttherewasnoanswer.复合句主语从句名词性从句Whathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.宾语从句IknowthatheisanAmerican.表语从句Thisishowhebrokethedoor.同位语从句Hissuggestionthatwesetoffnowhasbeenaccepted.定语从句Thisistheroomwherehewasborn.状语从句Beforehecamehere,hehadlearntChineseforyears.·重点词汇解析·1.stomachn.肚子，胃，复数为stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache构中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台2成短语有：haveapaininthestomach胃(腹)疼lieonone’sstomach俯卧havethestomachfor…对……有兴趣turnone’sstomach使……恶心onanempty/afullstomach空着肚子/吃饱2.barn.(1)条状物；棒abarofsoap一条肥皂abarofchocolate一条巧克力abarofgold一根金条(2)酒吧acoffeebar(3)固定短语：behindbars在狱中3.dietn.(1)正常饮食abalanceddiet均衡的饮食adietofpotatoes土豆食品(2)饮食限制goonadiet=beonadiet节食,节食Nosugarinmycoffee;I’mdieting.4.diseasen.疾病aseriousdiseaseoftheliver严重的肝病diseasedadj.有病的adiseasedplant病态的植物辨析：illness,disease中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台3illness：很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。disease:指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。e.g.Severalchildrenareawayfromschoolbecauseofillness.几个孩子因生病没上学。Hehasarareheartdisease.他得了一种罕见的心脏病。5.probably与possibly比较(1)probably极有可能,有几分根据的猜测;比possibly所指的可能性大些。e.g.Heisworkinghardandcleveraswellmanypeoplecanhelphim.Hewillprobablywin.他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。(2)possibly可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably小，经常与情态动词can或may连用。e.g.Shemaypossiblybethegreatestwriterofhergeneration.她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。6.promisev.&n.允诺；答应动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that从句(1)Theypromisedanimmediatereply.他们答应立刻回复。(2)Hepromisedmetobehereatsixo’clock.=Hepromisedmethathewouldbehereatsixo’clock..他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。(3)Ipromisedyounottosaythat.我答应你不说那件事。(4)Itpromisestobewarmthisafternoon.今天下午有望转暖。中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台4(5)Heisapromisingboy.他是一个有前途的男孩。名词用法：makeapromise许下诺言giveapromise许下诺言keepapromise信守诺言carryoutapromise履行诺言breakapromise违背诺言7.brainn.(1)用作不可数名词，大脑Thebrainisthecentreofhighernervousactivity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。(2)用作可数名词brains，智力，头脑Shehasagoodbrain.=Shehasgoodbrains.她很聪明。8.advise,suggest用法(1)advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事advisedoingsth.建议做某事。advisethat…(should)+动词原形Iadviseyoutoleavenow.我建议你现在就离开。Iadvisewaitingtillthepropertime.我建议等到适当时机(才行动)。Weadvisethatsteps(should)betakenatonce.我们建议立即采取措施。(2)suggest建议，其句型为suggestdoingsth.建议做某事中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台5suggestone’sdoingsth.=suggestsb.doing建议某人去做某事suggestthat…(should)+动词原形Wesuggestedthattheoldmuseum(should)berebuiltassoonaspossible.我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。9．diet与food的区别：diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：Thedoctorhasorderedmeaspecialdiet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。Ilikeasimpledietbest.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。Wemusthavefoodtoeatandclothestowear.我们必须有食物吃，有衣服穿。Thepatientmustnotgowithoutfood,buthemusthaveadietwithoutsugar.这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。·重点词组解析·1.plentyof充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述句，在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many或much。注意：plentyof前面没有冠词a,不可误记成aplentyof。Makesurethereisplentyoffoodforeveryone.Wehaveplentyof中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台6chairshere.inplenty充足地Thereisfoodinplenty.=Thereisplentyoffood.2．becareful用法归纳(1)becareful单独使用，当心Becareful！Thepanishot!当心！锅很热。(2)becarefulabout…对……谨慎Ihopeyou’llbecarefulinfutureaboutthethingsyousay.我希望你将来对所说事谨慎。(3)becarefulof…留神……Wehavetobecarefulofwhattheyaredoing.我们得留神他们做的什么。(4)becarefulwith…注意……Youmustbemorecarefulwithyourwork.你们需注意你们的工作。有时becareful表示吝啬。He’stoocarefulwithhismoney;heneverbuysadrinkforanyone.他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。(5)becarefulnottodosth.小心不要做……Wewanttobecarefulnottobreakanything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。(6)becareful+从句加以小心中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台7Becarefulwhatyoudo.小心你做的一切。3．keepupwith跟上（防止落后）keepupwiththeclass跟上班级（不掉队）keepupwiththedevelopmentofsociety适应社会的发展keepupwiththegoingon跟上时尚注意：catchupwith（已经落后）赶上4．Be+adj+to短语(1)beharmfulto…对……有害be+adj.+tosb./sth.指对某人或某物有……影响或态度如何。begoodto…=bekindto…对……态度好befriendlyto…对……友好becruelto…对……凶残bebadto…对……态度不好bepolite/impoliteto…对……有礼貌/无礼貌berudeto…对……粗鲁5．cut短语总结：(1)cutinto…把……切成Vegetablesshouldbecutintosmallpiecesanddroppedintotheboilingwater.中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台8蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。(2)cutup切碎Momiscuttingupthemeattomakedumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。(3)cutdown砍倒；削减Ifyoucutdownthetrees,youwillruintheland.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.我决定戒烟。(4)cutoff切断，停掉Ourwatersupplyhasbeencutoffagain.我们的供水再次中断。6．Short短语(1)beshortof缺少I’mshortofmoneythisweek,canyoulendmesome？这星期我缺钱，你能借我一点?(2)runshort几乎用光We’verunshortofoil.我们已经用光油了。Thesupplyofoilisrunningshort.供应的油快要用光了。·重点句型解析·1．Itwasabitgreen.它还有点生。1)句中的green意为“没有成熟的”，是ripe的反义词。例如：Wedon￠tliketoeatgreenfruit./Theapplesarestilltoogreento中国首家中小学在线学习会员制服务平台9pick.2)abit作程度副词，与alittle同义。例如：I￠mabit/alittletired./Couldyoudriveabit/alittleslower?3)但是，notabit＝notatall,而notalittle＝very/much.例如：I￠mnotabittired.我一点不累I￠mnotalittletired.我很累。2．Whileyouareatschool,orwalkinghome,yourbodyisburningup100caloriesanhour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。1)burnup意为“烧掉”、“烧毁”，在本句中意为“消耗掉”。例如：Heburnedupalltheoldletters.他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。Thehouseburnedupbeforetheygotthere.他们到达那儿之前，房子已烧毁了。2)up与一些动词构成短语时，有“完结”、“终结”的意思。如eatup吃光，drinkup喝光，tearup撕碎，useup用完，lockup锁好。3.Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。whoweare为介词of的宾语从句。eatinghabits为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语