董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案Unit3

1Unit3ThePresentI.Backgroundinformation1.TraditionalBirthdayCelebrationinWesternCountriesIntheWest,itiscustomarytoholdapartyincelebrationofaperson’sbirthday.Theguestswillcometothepartywithbirthdaypresentsandsay“HappyBirthday”tothebirthdayperson.Thegueststhenwatchhimorheropenthepresentsandheorshethanksthemforthepresentstheyhavebrought.Atthepartydrinksandfoodareserved.Towardtheendofthedinnerthelightsintheroomareturnedoff,andsomeonecomesinfromanotherroomwithacakeonwhicharelightedcandles,oneforeachyear.Atthesightofthecaketheguestsbeginsinging“HappyBirthdaytoYou”andthebirthdaypersonmakesawishbeforeheorsheblowsoutthecandlesonthecake.Itissaidthatthewishwillcometrueifallthecandlesgooutinonepuff.Afterthat,thecakeiscutinslicesusuallybythebirthdayperson,onepieceforeachguest.Whenthepartycomestoanend,theguestswishthebirthdayperson“HappyBirthday”againandleave.2.ImportantbirthdaysintheWestAt21,theageofmajority(nowloweredto18inmanycountries),onebecomesanadult.Usuallythefamilyhasabigpartyforthenewadultandamajorpresent—anexpensivewatchoracar—isgivenhimorher.Thepresent,ofcourse,variousfromfamilytofamily.Anybirthdaypast70iscelebratedinaspecialwaybyfamilymembersjustbecausethebirthdaypersonisgettingoldandmaydiebeforeanotherbirthdaycomesround.ThatiswhytheauthorofThePresentsays“eightywasaspecialbirthday”.Andthen,100—thecentennialbirthday—isgenerallyregardedasanunusualoccasionbecausefewpeoplereachit.Thecentenarianmayevenreceiveatelegramoraletterofcongratulationsfromprominentpoliticalfigures,suchasthePrimeMinisterandtheQueeniftheanniversaryiscelebratedinBritain.Againthefamilymayholdapartyattendedbyrelativesandsurvivingfriendsaswell.Amongotherthingsthecentenariantakesdelightincountinggreatgrandchildrenandgrandchildrenattheparty.Ⅱ.NewWords1.rare:adj.nothappen/seeoften;(ofasubstance,esp.atmosphere)thin,notdenseExample:Environmentswereabletopreservetherareturtlebeforeitreached.Naturalresourcesarerareinthisregion.2Thehigherwegoabovetheearth,therarertheairis.Wouldyoulikeitrare,medium,orwell-done?★rare/scarce①rare:长期缺少而珍贵的东西，还可以表示“频率低的，罕见的，缺少的”如：ararebook珍本，araremetal稀有金属。②scarce:暂时缺乏从而不足的东西。Example:Foodandfuelaregettingscarce.2.occasion:n.1)specialevent;timewhensthhappensExample:Letmetakethisoccasiontosay:“Congratulation”.2)tocausesthExample:Yourbehaviorhasoccasionedusalotoftrouble.onoccasion:sometimesExample:WegotoHongKongforholidayonoccasion.ontheoccasionof:值……之际Example:Wereceivedthispresentontheoccasionofoursilverwedding.3.content:adj./n./v.pleasedtodosth;satisfiedtodosthExample:Heiscontentwithhislifeatpresent.◆Becauseofhisexcellentadministration,peoplelivedinpeaceandcontentandallpreviouslyneglectedmattersweretakencareof.(CET-4,2006,6,词汇)由于他的出色管理，人们安居乐业，所有先前被忽视的问题都得到了解决。becontenttodosth愿意做Example:Sheiscontenttolivewithhermother-in-law.toone’shearts’content:尽情的Example:Theschoolbeingover,thechildrenwereallowedtowatchTVtotheirhearts’content.∷一言辨异Example:Thepoorareoftencontented,butamiserisneversatisfied.穷人常知足，守财奴则永不满足。4.arrange:vi.makepreparations;planExample:Iwillarrangeformysecretarytopickyouup..◆WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbeflexibleandgoanotherday.(CET-4,2005,12,词汇)35.operate:v.Example:Themachineisnotoperatingproperly.operateonsb(forsomedisease)给某人动手术治某病Example:Youcangetaprivatedoctortooperateonhim.6.efficient:【ef-(out)+fic(do)+-(i)ent(……的)】abletoplanorworkwellExample:Thenewsecretaryisaquick,efficientworker,andthebossisquietsatisfiedwithher.◆The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafter1970senergycrisisrevealedindoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.(CET-4,2006,6,完形)20世纪70年代能源危机后，为了高效利用能源而建造的密封商务大楼内存在着由于油漆、墙面粉刷及地毯等物质所引起的空气质量问题。7.endure:【en-(tomake)+dure(sustain)】tobear(suffering,pain,etc)Example:Heconquerswhoendure.坚持就是胜利。★endure/bear/stand“忍受，忍耐”①endure中含（持续，持久），所以它表示的忍受是指长时间忍受困难或不幸，强调持久力和意志坚定。②bear原义“负担，承担”因而它强调忍受者对疼痛、忧虑、责任的承受力。③stand有“站立而不倒”的含义，因而它强调“不屈不挠”或“经受得起”。8.spot:1)n.roundareathatisdifferentfromthemainsurface;aplaceExample:Shewearsawhitedresswithgreenspot.Thisisthespotwherethetwocarscollided.2)v.torecognize;tomakesthdirtyExample:Hiscollarwasspottedwithink.Thebankclerkspottedthecounterfeitnote.onthespot当场，在现场Example:Hedrewarevolverandshottheenemyonthespot.9.bunch:1)n.thingsofthesamekindthattiedtogetherExample:MissWhitereceivedabunchofflowersfromheradmirer.2)v.togettogetherExample:Thechildrenbunchedtogetheringroupsintheplayground.★bundle/bunch4①bundle捆，扎，包(从中部捆扎在一起的东西)abundleofletters/abundleoffirewood②bunch束，串（章程一束或结于一端的东西）abunchofgrapes/abunchofflowers/abunchofkeys/abunchofbananas10.reluctant:adj.unwillingExample:Hegavemereluctantassistance.bereluctanttodosth:beunwillingtodosthExample:Shewasveryreluctanttoadmitthetruth.11.flutter:vi.tomovequicklytoandfrointheairExample:Theflagflutteredinthebreeze.◆Ilingeredroundthem,underthatbenignsky:watchedthemothsflutteringamongtheheathandharebells;listenedtothesoftwindbreathingthroughthegrass;andwonderedhowanyonecouldeverimagineunquietslumbersforthesleepsinthatquietearth.在那温和的露天，我在那三块墓碑前留恋徘徊，望着飞蛾在石楠从中和钟柳树中闪扑着翼翅，倾听着柔风在草