翻译理论与实践Lecture5Chapter4

1English-ChineseTranslationLectureFive：ChapterFourConversion(转换法)【TeachingAims】1.ToletSsknowaboutthetheoreticalbasisforthetranslationtechnique:conversion2.TodirectSsintousingconversionintranslation【TeachingContents】1.Part1:SpecimenReadingforComments2.Part2:ConversionofWordClasses3.Part3:ConversionofSentenceMembers4.Part4:ConversionofImpersonalSubjects5.Part5:ConversionofPerspective6.Part6:AssignmentsSpecimenReadingforComments:HowtoGrowOld(Excerpts)(P117)【TeachingEmphasisandDifficulty】ConversionofImpersonalSubjectsandperspective【Teachingsteps】Part1SpecimenReadingforCommentsBertrandRussellThebestwaytoovercomethefearofdeath—soatleastitseemstome—istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglymergedintheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.克服怕死念头的最好办法．至少在我看来，就是逐步扩大你的兴趣，并使更加脱离个人所关心的事情，直到禁锢自我的壁垒退渐步步隐退．直到你的生命越来越同大千世界的生命融合在一起。个人的存在应当像一条河---起初狭小，局限在自已的河岸之间，然后激越地流过巨砺，冲下悬崖。怎样才能活到老（节录）罗素Graduallytherivergrowswider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomemergedinthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.Themanwho,inoldage,canseehislifeinthisway,willnotsufferfromthefearofdeath,sincethethingshecaresforwillcontinue.(FromPortraitsfromMemoryandOtherEssays)河逐渐越流越宽广，河岸越来越后退，水流也越来越平静，最后和大海融为一体，分不出任何界线，毫无痛苦地失去了自我的存在。如果一个老年人能以这样的态度来看待生命，他就2是不会怕死，因为他所关心的一切将会继续下去。《译自《记忆中的肖像及其他》）Part2ConversionofWordClasses4.1.1EnglishNounsandAdjectivesintoChineseVerbsandAdverbsInEnglish:Abstractnouns(denotingactions,manners,qualities,feelings,etc.)orgerundsareoftenusedforverbs.Thenominalstyle（名词化表达法)InChinese:Twoormoreverbsinsteadofabstractnounsareusuallyusedtogetherorseparatelyinonesentence.Theverbalstyle（动词化表达法)Translation:EnglishnounsintoChineseverbsEnglishadjectivesintoChineseadverbsExamples：EnglishNounsandAdjectivesintoChineseVerbsandAdverbs1.Allpeace-lovingpeopledemandthecompleteprohibitionandthoroughdestructionofnuclearweapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。（cf.核武器的全面的禁止和彻底的销毁）2.Ford'sfirstpledgewas,Mr.President,youhavemysupportandmyloyalty．”福特一开始就保证说，“总统先生，我支持你，并效忠于你。”（cf.你有我的支持和我的效忠）3.Speakerscalledfortheliberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.发言人表示要解放世界上的被压迫者。4.TheytookafinallookatIronMike,stillintactinthedarkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼--它依旧安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。5.Hewasacleverman;apleasantcompanion;acarelessstudent;withagreatpropensityforrunningintodebt,andapartialityforthetavern.(VanityFair)他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是学习又不肯用苦功，他老是东挪西借，又喜欢上酒店喝酒。6.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman'spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。Examples：EnglishNouns&AdjectivesintoChineseVerbs&Adverbs4.1.2ConversionfromEnglishAdjectiveintoChineseVerbsEnglishadjectivesderivedfromverbs，adjectivesdenotingfeelings,wishes,physicalormentalperceptions,etc,,whenusedwithlinkingverbs,areoftenconvertedintoChineseverbs.Examples:1.Youareignorantofthedutiesyouundertakeinmarrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。2.Iamoutfiftydollars.我亏了/损失五十美元。3.Thefollowingplanmaybecomeavailableduringthenextdecade.下列计划在10年间可能实现。4.1.3ConversionfromEnglishPrepositionsintoChineseVerbsEnglish：Thereareabout286prepositionsandprepositionalphrases3Chinese：30prepositions,whicharemostlyborrowedfromtheircorrespondingverbs.Examples:1.Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps.党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。2.Ifamancouldn’twalkintoaroomandtellwhowasforhimandwhowasagainsthim,thenhewasn’tmuchofapolitician.要是一个人不能在一上任就看出谁支持他．谁反对他．那么他能不配搞政治。4.1.4ConversionfromEnglishNounsintoChineseAdjectives1.O.Henryisthecreatorofanewshortstorygenreinliterature.欧·亨利在文学上创造了短篇小说的一种新体裁。2.Ihavefullassuranceofthereliabilityoftheinformation.我完全相信这个消息是可靠的。3.Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能的要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。4.1.5ConversionfromEnglishVerbsintoChineseNounsExamples:1.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权利的化身。2.Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。3.Wrought-ironbehavesdifferentlyfromiron,whichcontainsalotofcarbon.熟铁的性能不同于含碳高的生铁。Practice:drills4.1.5-7、94.1.6ConversionfromEnglishAdverbsintoChineseNounsExamples:1.Theblueprintmustbedimensionallyandproportionallycorrect.蓝图的尺寸和比例必须正确。(cf．在尺寸上和比例上必须正确）2.Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康.3.Certainlypeopleinenterprisesmustbemathematicallyinformediftheyaretomakewisedecision.当然，企业管理人员要想作出明智的决策，就必须懂得数学。Drills4.1.6Part3ConversionofSentenceMembers(1)ObjectsconvertedintoSubject(宾语转成主语)Theconversionofwordclassesoftenresultsintheconversionofsentencemembers.1.Theroadhasanascentoffivedegrees.这条路的坡度为五度。2.Theenginehasgivenaconsistentlygoodperformance.这台发动机的性能一直很好。3.Thisdeviceexhibitshighinputimpedance.这种器件的输入电阻很高。4(2)PrepositionalObjectsconvertedintoSubjects（介词宾语转主语）1.Heisstrongofwill.他的意志很坚强。2.Withtheintroductionofthenewmethod,theproductsdecreasedincost.引进了新方法，产品的成本降低了。3.WefoundagoodteacherinMr.Brown.我们觉得布朗先生是个好老师。DrillsonP115(5)SubjectsconvertedintoObjec