自然地理专业英语教案

Lesson1WORDS1.sleetn.冻雨，雨夹雪2.dependvi.依赖,取决于3.hailn.雹4.formvt.,vi.形成5.lowa.低的6.temperaturen.温度7.moleculen.分子8.clingvi.粘着9.dropletn.小水滴10.dustn.灰尘11.particlen.粒子,微粒12.nucleusn.核,原子核13.dewn.露水14.crystaln.晶体15.condensationn.冷凝,凝结16.rapida.快的17.moisturen.湿气,水分18.freezevi.结冰19.raindropn.雨点20.insteadad.代替,替换21.snowflaken.雪片22.shapen.形状23.flaken.薄片24.hexagonala.六角形的25.lensn.透镜26.strikevt.,vi.打击击中,撞27.thunderstormn.雷雨28.swifta.迅速的29.currentn.气流,潮流30.tossvt.,vi.抛,扔,颠簸31.acquirevt.取得,获得32.hailstonen.冰雹33.stickvi.粘住34.theoryn.理论35.explainvt.说明,解释,阐明PHRASESANDEXPRESSIONSThemorethemore越…越…Sothat如此…以致…Takeplace发生Assoonas一…就…Highabove大大高于Wellbelow远远低于Takeon呈现Abitof一点Amassof一块Startout出发,着手进行layerof一层TEXTRAIN,SNOW,SLEET,ANDHAILTheformingofraininaclouddependsupontemperature.Thelowerthetemperature,themorethemoleculesofwatervaporinthecloudclingtogether.Thentheyformdropletsofwater.Usuallydropletsformarounddustorotherparticlesintheairwhenthedewpointisreached.Ificecrystalsareinthecloud,evenmoredropletsmayform.Inclouds,condensationmaybesorapidthatmillionsofdropletsofwaterareformed.Asthesedropletscollectmoremoleculesandthereforebecomeheavier,theirweightmakesthemfalltotheearth.Ifthetemperatureoftheairisabovefreezingthedropswillfallasrain.Whentheairhighabovetheearthiswellbelowfreezing,themoistureintheairdoesnotformraindrops.Instead,itformssnow.Snowflakestakeonmanyinterestingshapes.Theyseemtobeformedaroundacenter.Snowismadeupofmillionsoftheseflakes,eachabitofwatervaporthatinfreezingtemperatureswaschangedintoaflakeofsnow.Snowflakesarereallycrystals;theyarewatermoleculesgroupedinahexagonalpattern.Itisinterestingtostudysnowflakecrystalsunderahandlens.Sometimesdropletsofwaterstartoutasrainandchangeintoanotherformontheirwaytotheearth.Theraindropsmaystartdownwardthroughalayerofwarmairandthenstrikeamassofcoldair,whereeachraindropfreezes.Thesefrozenraindropsfalltotheearthassleet;skeetusfrozenrain.Sometimesstillanotherchangemaytakeplaceindropsofrain.Duringathunderstorm,swiftupwardcurrentsofairusuallycarryraindropswiththem.Astheairgrowscolder,theseraindropsmayformlittleballsofice.Inamassofwarmair,theymaygetacoatingofmoisture,whichfreezesassoonastheyaretossedupagainintoacoldermassofair.Upanddowntheyarecarried,acquiringmoreandmorelayersofice.Thisgoesonuntiltheballsoficebecomeheavyenoughtofalltotheearthashailstones.Ifyoucutahailstoneintwo,youcanseethelayersofice.Somescientiststhinkthathailstonesareformedinadifferentway.Ahailstonenucleus,atinydropletofwaterthatisfrozen,mayformhighintheatmosphere.Asitfallsthroughacloud,itmeetscoldwaterdropletsandsnowflakeswhichsticktothisnucleus.Thehailstonemaymeetmanyofthesedropletsandsnowflakesbeforeitfallsfromthecloudtotheearth.Asthedropletsofwatersticktothehailstone,theyaddaclearlayerofice.Assnowflakessticktoit,theyformacloudylayer.Thistheoryexplainswhyclearandcloudylayersarefoundinsidethehailstonewhenitiscutopen.EXERCISESI.Completethefollowingsentenceswithnounsformedfromtheverbsgiveninbrackets.1.The＿ofraindependsonthe＿andthe＿oftinydropletsofwatervapourinthecloud.(form/condense/combine)2.Whenthedropletsareheavyenoughtofall,＿cantakeplace.(precipitate)3.The＿and＿ofwatercanbeobservedineverydaylife.(evaporate/condense)4.The＿oficetowaterandwatertowatervapourbyheatingisagood＿ofthechangeofstateofmatter.(convert/illustrate)5.The100equal＿aremadeafterthe＿by＿oftheboilingpointofwaterandthemeltingpointofice.(divide/determine/observe)6.Thebest＿ofwhattakesplaceisthe＿ofgoodexamples.(explain/provide)7.Alakewhichisusedforwater＿issometimeshighenoughforthe＿of＿bygravitytotransportthewateralongthepipestothehousesbelow.(store/exert/press)8.Inscience,theCentigradethermometerisusedforthe＿oftemperature.(measure)II.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedoninformationfoundinthetext.1.Howisrainformed?2.Whendoesthemoistureintheairfromsnow?3.Whatissnowmadeupof?4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenrainandsleet?5.Whyareclearandcloudylayersfoundinsideahailstonewhenitiscutopen?III.GivetheEnglishequivalentsofthefollowingexpressions.1.取决于温度2.使雨点落到地面3.呈不同形状4.冷到足以形成小冰珠5.切成两半IV.Explainthedifferentusesoftheword“form”inthefollowingsentences:1.Theformingofrainisdiscussedinthetext.2.Themoleculesofwatervaporformdroplets.3.Ificecrystalsareinthecloud,evenmoredropletsmayform.4.Sometimesdropletsofwaterstartoutasrainandchangeintoanotherformontheirwaytotheearth.5.Somescientiststhinkthathailstonesareformedinadifferentway.6.Themoleculesifwatervaporcometogether,formingdropletsofwater.V.Replaceeachdash＿withtheproperformoftheverb“freeze”.1.Whentheairiswellbelow＿,themoistureintheairformssnow.2.In＿temperatureswatervaporwillbechangedintosnowflakes.3.Inamassofcoldaireachraindrop＿.4.Sleetis＿rain.5.Ahailstonenucleusisatinydropletofwaterwhichis＿.VI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.水滴开始在空气中形成时的温度叫露点.2.空气越热,它能容纳的水分越多.3.雾是靠近地面的云.4.地球表面夜晚通常要比白天冷.5.当含有水分的空气接触到寒冷的地面时,水汽开始从空气中跑出来并以水滴的形式聚集在它所接触到的任何东西上面.6.没有雨,就不能有植物,没有植物,也就没有动物.XII.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Insomeregions,particularlythedryones,thereiswatervaporintheair,buttheconditionsmayseldomberightforthisvaportocondensean