第11章商务合同与协议的翻译

英汉翻译入门第五章1第十一章商务合同与协议的翻译第一节商务合同与协议的词汇特点商务英语=BusinessEnglish专门用途英语=EnglishforSpecificPurpose外贸英语=ForeignTradeEnglish专业术语=terminology商务英语应包括语言知识，交际技能，专业知识，管理技能和文化背景。BusinessEnglishincludesLanguageKnowledge,CommunicationSkills,ProfessionalContent,ManagementSkillsandCulturalAwareness.Theyareallveryimportant.ForLanguageKnowledge,themostimportantstepfortranslatingBusinessEnglishistokeepinmindthesequenceofpartsofasimplestatement.Asimplestatementtellsaboutonething.Eachstatementcontainsoneidea.Eachsimplestatementcanbecomposedof6orlessparts.Thesequenceofthe6partsisveryimportant,especiallyintranslation.GoodtranslationresultsfromgoodunderstandingoforiginalEnglishorChinesesentences.AgoodmasteryofsequenceofstatementpartscanhelpyougreatlyinunderstandingandwritingEnglishsentences.Thesequenceisasfollows:1subject,2predicate(orlinkingverborcopula).3object(orpredicative),4adverbialofmanner,5adverbialofplace,6adverbialoftime.Adverbialoftimecanbeputbeforesubject.简单陈述句的语序：陈述句用来叙述一件事情。每个句子包含一个概论。陈述句的语序很重要。每个陈述句可以有6个成分组成，但并不是每个句子都有这么多的成分。语序如下：1主语，2谓语（或系动词），3宾语（或表语），4方式状语，5地点状语，6时间状语；时间状语6可以放在主语之前。ArrangethewordsineachsentencesincorrectsequenceandtranslatethemintoChinese:1.Games,played,yesterday,intheirroom,thechildren,quietly.2.thelittleboy,anapple,thismorning,ate,greedily,inthekitchen.3.Beforelunch,theletter,inhisoffice,quickly,he,read4.Anewschool,built,they,inourvillage,lastyear.5.Thismorning,abook,I,fromthelibrary,borrowed.Contractisdefinedas“anagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting平等地位,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations”.合同定义为平等主体的自然人，法人，其它组织之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。协议和合同经常用作同义词。1.选词正式准确合同中的选词要求极为严格，以显得郑重，严肃。Example1.AnyeventorcircumstancebeyondthecontrolofthePartiesshallbedeemedaneventofForceMajeureandshallinclude,butnotberestrictedto,fire,storm,英汉翻译入门第五章2flood,earthquake,explosion,war,rebellion,insurrection,epidemicandquarantinerestriction.双方无法控制的事件或情况应视为不可抗力事件，这包括但不限于火灾，风灾，水灾，地震，爆炸，战争，叛乱，暴动，传染病及瘟疫。双方遇有无法控制的事件或情况应视为不可抗力事件，但不限于火灾，风灾，水灾，地震，爆炸，战争，叛乱，暴动，传染病及瘟疫。SomewordsandphrasesoftenusedinContract:BeyondcontrolinsteadofoutofcontrolDeeminsteadofconsiderRebellioninsteadoffightEpidemicinsteadofdiseaseIndemnities保证物,赔偿物,赔款,补偿Lease.承租,出租,租,租赁Terminate停止,结束,终止Valid有效的,有根据的,正当的,正确的Invoke授引,恳求Peremptory终局的,绝对的,决定性的Breach违约;违反;破坏2多用术语商务合同中兼有法律和商业用语。Legalrepresentative法定代表,法人代表,合法代表Legaladdress法定地址Dispute争议,纷争,纠纷,争端Arbitration仲裁,公断Binding约束,结合,连接materiallaw实体法商业用语多于法律用语，多数由普通名称转化而来。Assign分配,指派,转让Bill帐单,钞票,票据,清单,议案,法案,单据Consideration体谅,考虑,订约要因,约因Dishonor耻辱，使丢脸，使蒙辱,拒付Equity公平,公正,股份权益,股票policy政策,方针,保单3同义词连用合同行文的主要特点之一就是用“and”或“or”把两个或以上短语连接起来。Example：TheSellershallsellandtheBuyershallbuythefollowingdescribedpropertyuponthetermsandconditionshereinaftersetforthwithinthiscontract.按照合同中所提之条款条件，卖方将出售而买方将购进以下商品。PartyAacknowledgesandagreesthatthetechnologyitwillreceivefromPartyBduringthetermofthisContractshallbekeptsecreteandconfidential.甲方承认并同意在合同期内由乙方提供的技术应属保密。英汉翻译入门第五章3ThisagreementismadeandenteredintobyandbetweenPartyAandPartyB.该合同由甲方和乙方共同制定。TheBuyerreservestherighttoinvestigateorinspectatanytimewhethertheproducts,qualifications,orfacilitiesmeettheContractrequirements,买方保留随时对产品，质量或设施是否符合合同要求进行检查的权利。(3)(1)4.多用名称为避免歧义，合同中尽量用名词代替代词。Example:IftheSellerdeterminestheperformancehasnotbeencompletedsatisfactorilyandinconformancewiththisContract,theperformancebondmayberetainedbytheSelleruntiltheSellercandeterminedamagescausedbythelackofperformance.performancebond=履约保证书,保证金卖方如果确定履行情况不令人满意或与合同不符，在他能够确定履行不善所造成的损失之前可以扣留履约保证金。卖方如果确定履行情况不尽如人意或与合同不符，可以扣留履约保证金，直到其能够确定履行不善所造成的损失费用。(2)5.多用副词合同中常用的副词：hereafter今后,从此以后Thereon在其上/thereupon关于：关于那件事；关于那/whereupon在哪上面,因此Thereunder.在其下Hereto到此为止Whereto向那里,到那个地方;对那个Hereinabove在上文/hereinbefore在上文中Hereinafter在下文中/hereinbelow在下文Whereby凭什么,由此wherein在哪一点上；在什么地方6.“Shall”在合同中，shall为情态动词，表示强烈的义务关系。Examples:Thedateofregistrationofthecooperativeventurecompanyshallbethedateoftheestablishmentoftheboardofdirectorsofthecooperativeventurecompany.合资公司登记注册之日，为董事会正式成立之日。TheamendmentofthecontractorotherappendicesshallcomeintoforceonlyafterawrittenagreementhasbeensignedbyPartyAandPartBandapprovedbytheoriginalexaminationandapprovalauthority.只有在甲方和乙方共同签署书面协议，并且经原审批机构批准，合同及其它附件的修订才能生效。ThisContractshallbewritteninEnglishinfourcopies.Eachpartyshallkeeptwocopies.本合同应以英文写成，一式四份，双方各持两份。7.合同专项词汇合同中常用的专项词汇：Whereas鉴于…,但是；相反Inwitnesswhereof特此作证,以资证明Priorto在…之前Inaccordancewith与...一致,依照英汉翻译入门第五章4Incompliancewith.遵照,和...一致,按照Providedthat如果,只要,倘若Subjectto以……为条件，以……依据,易受...的第二节商务合同与协议的句法特点1.多用陈述句2.多用条件句Examples:Incaseathirdpartybringsachargeofinfringement,licensorshallberesponsiblefordealingwiththethirdpartyandbearfulllegalandfinancialresponsibilitieswhichmayarise.charge=控告,Infringement=侵犯权利,侵害,违犯licensor=出让方,供方若第三方起诉侵权，出让方应负责处理第三方事务，并承担全部相应的法律和财政责任。3多用现在式Example:Licensorguaranteesthatlicensorislegitimateowneroftheknow-howsuppliedbylicensortolicenseeinaccordancewiththestipulationsofthecontract,andthatlicensorislawfullyinapositiontotransfertheknow-howtolicensee.Licensee＝被许可方,被许可