您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 行业资料 > 交通运输 > 杨海--基于可交易电子路票的网络交通流控制与管理
TradableTravelCreditSchemesforNetworkMobilityManagement基于可交易电子路票的网络交通流控制与管理1HaiYangChairProfessorDepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineeringTheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HongKong2OutlineofPresentationIntroductiontocurrentnetworkmobilitymanagementstrategiesIntroductiontotradabletravelcreditschemesModelandpropertiesofnetworktrafficequilibriaundertradablecreditschemesRecentlypublishedandongoingstudies3PricingandQuantityInstrumentsforNetworkMobilityManagement(交通网络流控制的价格和数量调控手段)PricingInstrument(价格调控)Efficientutilizationoflimitednetworkresources有效地利用有限的网络资源Inequalityproblemetc.publicopposition有失公平大众反对QuantityInstrument(数量调控)Roadspacerationing如:单双号限行Tradabletravelcreditscheme可交易的电子路票4RoadSpaceRationing(e.g.,BeijingandGuangzhou)Restrictprivatecars’accesstoroadsonauniformfractionofdays.Effective(short-term).Moreequitable(?)Lowefficiency(spatiallyandtemporally).Long-runpolicymayleadtoasharpincreaseofold,cheapandhigh-pollutingsecond-carconsumption(negativeimpacttotheenvironment).WangX.L.andYangH.2010.Trafficrationingandshort-termandlong-termequilibrium.TransportationResearchRecord.Han,D.,Yang,H.,WangX.L.,2010.Efficiencyoftheplate-number-basedtrafficrationingingeneralnetworks.TransportationResearchPartE.5TradableTravelCreditSchemesProposedbyYangandWang(2011)Yang,H.,Wang,X.L.,2011.Managingnetworkmobilitywithtradablecredits.TransportationResearchPartB45(3),580-594.6IntroductiontoTradableTravelCreditSchemes(可交易电子路票概念简介)Eachparticipatingagentreceivesaproportionofcredits(onaperiodicbasissuchamonthoraquarter)在每阶段初(如每个月初)每位出行者会得到一定数量的电子路票Equity(公平)Initialdistributionforfree(最初发放的电子路票是免费的)Revenueneutralincentivesformobilityandenvironmentalquality政府财政收入为零(不收取或支付任何费用),有助于明确其缓解拥堵和减少污染的决心,减少公众对该项措施的质疑Creditchargingscheme(电子路票收取方案)Link-specificorcordon-based;distanceortime-based;time-invariantortime-varying电子路票收取可基于路段或境界线;基于路程或时间;不随时间变化或随时间变化的7Apolicytargetintermsoffix-quantitytravelcreditscanbeeasilyachieved可通过最初电子路票的总发放数量来确定并达成政策目标Example:Distance-basedcreditchargeforachievingcontroloftotalveh-kmtraveledonthenetwork如:在基于路程的电子路票收取方案下,总的车辆行使路程被总的电子行驶券发放数量控制IntroductiontoTradableTravelCreditSchemes(可交易电子电子路票概念简介)8Theequilibriumpriceofcreditsisdeterminedbythemarketthroughfreetrading.电子路票可在市场上自由交易Marketdriven价格由市场决定Enhanceincomedistributionorfinancialtransferconfinedonlytowithinthepredefinedgroupoftravelers(creditflowfromthehigherincomegroupstothelower;theflowofmoneyfromthewealthytotheless)有助于收入再分配,优化资源配置(电子路票从低收入人群流向高收入人群的同时,货币反向从高收入人群流入低收入人群)IntroductiontoTradableTravelCreditSchemes(可交易电子路票概念简介)劫富挤贫9MathematicalModelofTrafficEquilibriumunderTradableTravelCreditSchemesEquivalentmodelformulation:subjectto:,,,warwarwWrRvfaA0,mindavavfat,,wrwwrRfdwWaaaAvK**,,0,,aaaarwrwwaAtvpfrRwW*,0,,aaaarwwaAtvprRwW,0,,rwwfrRwW*0aaavKp*aaavK*,0,,rwwfrRwW0pFirst-orderoptimalityconditions:Equivalenttrafficequilibriumandcreditmarketequilibriumconditions10TheoreticalPropertiesofTradableTravelCreditSchemesForagivencreditscheme,auniqueequilibriumflowpatternexists;theequilibriumcreditpriceisuniquesubjectonlytoverymildassumptions.Proposition1.Givenatradablecreditscheme,K,thecreditprice*patequilibriumisuniqueifthereexistsatleastoneO-Dpairwhoseequilibriumpathsetalwayscontainsthesametwo(ormore)pathswithdifferentcreditcharges.11TheoreticalPropertiesofTradableTravelCreditSchemesAproperlydesignedtradablecreditschemecanemulateacongestionpricingsystemandsupportvariousdesirabletrafficflowoptima:SocialoptimumCapacity-constrainedtrafficflowpatternPareto-improvingandrevenue-neutralProposition3.GivenanSOcreditchargingscheme,so,andatotalamountofcreditsissued,sososoaaaAKv,ifthecreditprice*patmarketequilibriumisuniqueandthetotalsystemtraveltimeatSOisstrictlylessthanthatatUEwithoutanypolicyintervention,thenthereexistsanO-Dbasedcreditdistributionschemethatcanmakeeverytravelerstrictlybetteroff.12Linktraveltime:11182tvv,22216tvvO-Ddemand:1210d,Initialcreditallocation:30K,123kLinkcreditcharge:14,22.211Link1;4TrafficEquilibriumandMarketEquilibriumwithTradableCredits:AnExample2Link2;2Userequilibriumandcreditmarketequilibriumconditions:121212824162104230vpvpvvvvAuniqueequilibriumsolution:Linkflow:**125vvLinktraveltime:*118t,*221tUnitcreditprice;*1.5pSubsequentRecentStudies1314TradableParkingPermitsforImprovingTravelEfficiencyMorningcommutersoftenchoosetheirdeparturetimesnotonlytotradeoffbottleneckcongestionandscheduledelays,butalsoinordertosecureaparkingspotduetolimitedparkingspaces.Parkingpermitschemetoeliminatetheexternalcostarisingfromthecompetitionforparkingspots.Freetradingofparkingpermitsamongcommuterstobettercaterforcommuters’parkingneeds.Zhang,X.,Yang,H.,Huang,H.J.,2011.Improvingtravelefficiencybyparkingpermitsdistributionandtrading.TransportationResearchPartB45(7),1018-1034.15ImplementationIssueunderLimitedInformationAnalyticaldemandfunctionstailoredfortrafficdemandcontrolaredifficulttoestablishinprac
本文标题:杨海--基于可交易电子路票的网络交通流控制与管理
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2287377 .html