构词法派生法

WordFormation---derivation一.构成名词的后缀:(Suffixesformingnouns)SuffixesExamples-erthinkerharvesterpain-killereye-opener-oractorsailortransistorsemi-conductor-istMarxistscientistdentistBuddhist-eeemployeetraineerefereetrustee-esshostessactresswaitresslioness-ianmagicianmusiciantechnicianphysician-eseChineseJapanesePortuguesePekinese-antinhabitantcontestantlubricantdependant-ismsocialismracismheroismoptimism-nessillnesshappinessgreatnesscoldness-(a)tiondictationpreparationexceptionrepetition-mentmovementargumentjudgmentgovernment-ionexpansiondiscussionrevisiondecision-ingbuildingfeelingpaintingwedding-shipleadershipfriendshipscholarshiphardship-ageshortagemarriageleakageshrinkage-hoodchildhoodfalsehoodlikelihoodmotherhood-urefailurepressurepleasureseizure-domfreedomkingdommartyrdomofficialdom-tyloyaltycrueltysafetypenalty-ityactivityrealityhumiditypossibility-ymodestydifficultydiscoveryinquiry-thtruthwarmthhealthlength-alrefusaldenialapprovalarrival-encedependenceconfidencedifferencereference-anceacceptanceallowanceassistancereliance-fulmouthfulhandfulplatefulbusful-ryjewelrybriberyslaveryrivalry-eerengineermountaineerauctioneerprofiteer-ettecigarettekitchenetteusherettedinette-atedoctorateconsulateelectoratesulphate-letbookletleafletpigletStarletPossibleNewWordstoYou:1.harvester收获者;收割者;收割机C2.transistor晶体管;晶体管收音机(=transistorradio)3.trustee(财产的)受托人,保管人C4.lubricant润滑油(剂)/lubrication给油,润滑U5.dependant/dependent受抚养者C6.heroism英雄气概U英勇的行为C7.falsehood谎言(=lie):tellafalsehood=tellalie8.likelihood(…的)可能,可能性UThereisno/astronglikelihoodofhiswinningthefirstprize.9.martyrdom殉难,受难Udieamartyrtoone’sduty10.officialdom官僚,官员(集合用法)11.inquiry询问,查问;侦查,审讯CImadeinquiriesaboutmylostumbrellainallthestoresIhadvisited.(询问)holdanofficialinquiry进行正式调查Theymadenofurtherinquiryintotheincident.(侦查)12.auctioneer拍卖人C13.profiteer囤积居奇者C囤积居奇,谋取暴利vi.14.doctorate博士头衔,学位Caward/grantadoctorate颁给博士学位earn/receive/obtainadoctorate获得博士学位15.consulate领事馆C16.electorate选民,选举团(集合用法)17.sulphate(=sulfate)硫酸盐二.构成形容词的后缀:(Suffixesformingadjectives)SuffixesExamples-fulcheerfulusefulgratefulfaithful-lesscarelesshomelessfearlessmotherless-ishchildishreddishSwedishselfish-iveactivecollectivedecisivedestructive-ouscourageousfamouscontinuouserroneous-ableacceptableagreeableapplicablecomfortable-iblecontemptiblesensibleresponsiblepermissible-icrealisticpoetichistoricenergetic-antignorantsignificantdefiantobservant-lyfriendlyleisurelylivelydaily-alcriticalaccidentalcontinualexceptional-yrainyhandythirstydirty-entdifferentdependentconsistentobedient-aryimaginaryrevolutionaryhonorarysecondary-sometroublesomeburdensomelonesometiresome-likechildlikewomanlikewarlikemanlike-engoldenwoodenearthenwoolen-edlandedmoneyedculturedtalented-anEuropeanIndianAmericanCanadian-atefortunateaffectionatepassionateinnatePossibleNewWordstoYou:1.collective集合的,聚集的adj.collective(noun)集合名词Itwasduetothecollectiveeffortsthatwecouldachievesuchagreatsuccess.(集体的努力)2.motherless没有母亲的adj.(Cf.motherhood母性,母亲身份n.)3.agreeable心情愉快的,令人愉快的,宜人的adj.agreeableweather宜人的天气anagreeableperson讨人喜欢的人Hervoiceisagreeabletotheear.她的声音悦耳.4.applicable可适用的,可应用的adj.Themethodisnotapplicabletoeverysituation.5.contemptible卑劣的,可鄙的adj.contemptuous轻视的,瞧不起的adj.Shewascontemptuousofherhumblehome.(轻视,看不起...)contempt鄙视,藐视Ucontemptforatraitor对于叛逆者的藐视Manypeoplefeelcontemptforsuchanattitude.(藐视…)bringsb.intocontempt使…蒙受耻辱have/hold…incontempt藐视…6.permissible可允许的adj.(Cf.permissive放任的,纵容的)7.erroneous错误的,不正确的adj.8.defiant挑战的,反抗的adj.(Cf.defiance反抗,挑战U)defysb.todo…激(挑惹)某人做…Idefyyoutotryandliftit.Youshouldnotdefythelaw.(公然反抗,藐视Vt.)9.observant观察力敏锐的,立即察觉的,眼尖的adj.Adetectivemustbeveryobservant.10.exceptional例外的,特别的,稀有的;卓越的adj.SuchwarmweatherisexceptionalinJanuary.makeanexceptionalachievement取得卓越的成就11.consistent一致的,没有矛盾的adj.Hisstoryisn’tconsistentwiththefacts.(与…相一致)Heisconsistentinhisargument.(在…方面一致)12.honorary名誉(上)的adj.anhonorarypresident名誉主席honorable光荣的;高尚的adj.dieanhonorabledeath光荣舍生Hecomesofanhonorablefamily.他出身名门.13.secondary次要的;(学校/教育)中等的adj.Thismatterisofsecondaryimportance.secondaryeducation中等教育(Cf.highereducation)secondaryschool(=highschoolintheStates/publicschoolorgrammarschoolinBritain/middleschoolinChina)secondarystress/accent次重音三.构成反义词的前缀:(Prefixesformingantonyms)PrefixesMeaningExamplesun-不;做相反的动作unhappyuntrueuncomfortabledis-不;做相反的动作undressundounpackin-不informalinaccurateinconvenientim-不immoralimpoliteimpossibleir-不irregularirresistibleirresponsibleil-不illegalillogicalillegitimatenon-不,非non-existentnon-smokernon-stoppingde-向相反的方向发展defrostdecentralizedemobilizePossibleNewwordstoYou:1.non-existent没有的,不存在的adj.(somethingthatdoesn’texit)2.illegitimate私生的;非法的,法律不容的adj.anillegitimatechild私生子Sheisillegitimate.她是私生女.illegitimateuseofcompanyproperty对公司财产的盗用3.defrost除去…的冰/霜vt.;使…解冻vt.defrostthefridge/thecarwindscreen给冰箱除霜/给汽车挡风玻璃除霜Afrozenchickenshouldbeallowedtodefrostcompletelybeforecooking.冻鸡肉应彻底解冻后再烹调.4.decentralize权利下放(即将权利从中央转到地方政府)vi.5.demobilize使sb.复员,退伍(=releasesb.frommilitaryservice)四.其它常用前缀:(OtherusefulPrefixes)Prefi