机械与外贸常用术语

机械与外贸常用术语在机械设计手册上，以及俄罗斯的车的出厂资料，苏丹车的出厂资料，BECHTEL的技术说明中也有大量的相关术语。还可以参考这些文件资料。Mechanism&foreigntradeterms(常用机械与外贸术语)Mechanism:机械Crane：起重机PTM：pottendingmachine多功能电解铝机组FTA：furnacetendingassembly焙烧车Gantrycrane门式起重机Overheadcrane/bridgecrane桥式起重机Stockingcrane堆垛起重机single/doublegirder单梁/双梁（梁用“BEAM”也可以）ladlecrane铸造起重机Anode阳极Grabcrane:抓斗起重机Cab司机室Liftingmachinery起升机械Liftingheight起升高度Drawing图纸DrawingNO图纸编号HeatNo.炉批号Stiffener:筋板bolt：螺栓nut：螺母washer：垫圈springwasher：弹簧垫圈makethemeasurement/dimensioncheck尺寸检测tolerance公差calibration校验deviation偏差deformation变形theodolite：经纬仪levelinstrument：水平仪measuringtape:卷尺alignment校直benchmark/reference基准centerpoint:中心点centerline中心线shaft轴bearing轴承flange法兰lubricantoil润滑油bumper/buffer减震器/缓冲器brake制动器electrichoist电动葫芦infraredtheometer:红外线温度计Linear:直尺plate钢板Epocast:一种胶的牌子HEMPEL：海虹油漆Paint：油漆Spraypaint:喷漆Brushpaint刷油漆primer：底漆（第一层油漆也可以用THEFIRSTLAYER）medium：中漆（第一层油漆也可以用THESECONDLAYER）topcoat：面漆（第一层油漆也可以用THETHIRDLAYER）coat：涂层solvent:溶剂,稀释剂curingagent:固化剂sand/shotblasting:喷沙coppersand:铜矿沙angleprofilegage:喷沙表面粗糙度测量仪lampforfilms:观片灯grind：打磨grinder：砂轮机grindingdisc：砂轮片polishingdisc:抛光片hammer:锤子weld：焊接welder:焊工internationalweldingcertification:国际焊工证weldingprocessspecification（WPS）:焊接工艺规程approval/endorse:评定，同意，批准weldingseam焊缝buttwelding：对接焊filletwelding：角焊submerged-arcwelding：埋弧焊gasshieldedarcwelding气体保护焊flux:焊剂electrode：电焊条wirefeed:送丝weldingwire:焊丝bake：烘干acetylene乙炔oxygen氧气tape:胶带grease:黄油wax:蜡nozzletip:喷嘴piece（单位）:件webplate/sideplate：腹板（钢板厚度相对而言最薄）topplate：上盖板(钢板厚度最厚)bottomplate：下盖板（钢板厚度较厚）girder：主梁endcarriage端梁guiderollers水平轮wheelbogie:走轮架bogie:转向架wheel车轮trolley小车trolleytransverse小车运行crane大车cranetraveling大车运行drivenside被动侧drivingside主动侧cabletray线槽insulationlayer保温层绝缘airduct风管accessory:附件platform走台handrail手扶栏杆ladder楼梯rail/track轨道joint接头pinroll销轴collectorbasket检修吊篮anglebracket角钢Tbeam:T型钢purchase购买cut切割assembling组装pre-assembling预组装install安装disassembling拆卸spatter飞溅物porosity气孔defect缺陷slaginclusion夹渣crack裂纹undercut咬边un-fusion未溶合un-penetration未焊透rough粗糙sharp尖，锋利的wrench扳手spanner:紧固扳手jack千斤顶threadtapper攻丝器thread螺纹screw螺丝fastener紧固件doorhandle门把手rubber橡胶silicon玻璃胶slidingwire滑触线fix固定drillhole钻孔remove去除rust锈anti-corrosive防腐的dewpoint露点dryness干度humidity湿度relativehumidity(RH)相对湿度露点+3℃=喷漆需达到的工件表面温度ceramicback-tray瓷衬垫copperback–tray铜衬垫gouge刨backgouge反向清根surfacepreparation表面处理preheat预热heattreatment热处理environmenttemperature环境温度fahrenheit华氏温度centigrade百分温度单位basematerial母材busbar母线sealingring密封圈hardness硬度cast铸造machine加工finemachining:精加工ultrasonictest(UT)超声波探伤radiographictest(RT)射线探伤magneticparticletest(MT)磁粉探伤fluorescentlamp:荧光灯penetrationtest(PT)渗透探伤penetrant渗透剂（developer显象剂,remover清洁剂）testpiece试验片impacttest冲击试验tensiontest拉伸试验chemicaltest化学分析motor:电动机voltage:电压current电流switch开关shortcircuit短路iron&steelworks:钢厂port港口nuclearpowerstation核电站pressurevessel压力容器steelwire钢丝liftinglug吊耳hook吊钩heatindicator/thermometer温度计aluminum铝zinc锌galvanize镀锌hotdeepgalvanized热浸锌packing包装nameplate标牌measurement/size尺寸grossweight(GW)毛重netweight(NW)净重grate格栅crate板条箱container集装箱Customdeclare报关Customclearance海关清关Tariff关税Taxrebate/taxrefund出口退税Valueaddedtax(VAT)增值税invoice发票thirdparty第三方subcontractor分包商supplier供应商client/customer客户signature签名businesscard名片chairman董事长generalmanager总经理chief首长，主任，部门领导vicemanager副总director主任，处长，局长vicedirector副主任seniorengineer高级工程师engineer工程师technician技术员inspector检验员holdameeting/haveameeting开会meetingminutes会议纪要workshop车间mainoffice总部Longtoupuworkshop龙头铺车间fittingscorporation配件厂locomotive电力机车厂procurementdepartment采购部salesdepartment销售部technicaldepartment技术部门qualitycontroldepartment质保部logisticdepartment物流部门humanresourcedepartment人力资源部门financialdepartment财务部门commercialnegotiation商务谈判foreigntrade/internationaltrade外贸/国际贸易order订单inquiry:询价replay答复quotation报价signthecontract签合同contractitem/clause/article:合同条款transportation运输load/unload:装/卸inform及物动词形式/notice.名词形式通知delivergoods:发货deliverydate:交货日期sparepart备品备件delay耽误postpone延期manufacturingprocess生产进度acceptable(acc.)合格unacceptable不合格reject拒绝penalty罚款deduct扣除plus加subtract:减multiply：乘divide:除minus/negativenumber:负数profit利润passport护照visa签证