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12-2解:由公式得:2-3解:2-8解:由连续性方程可得1122vAvAq221111[()()]22Ddqv从而可得10.1/vms又因为12210.036/vAvmsA222222[()()]23.78/min22DdqvL2-9解:由题可知油液在钢管中处于层流状态临界2320eR因为evdR2320401856/1.856/50eRvvmmsmsd6250101.85621.85/min4qvAL6232109000.0288/6.317.314.6NsmEEE22208008020202060202020260206.317.3172.469/,23.785/,(1)(160)1600.3280.0112(140)1401400.01120.5520.5520.55272.46940/tEEmmsmmstmms22-10解:因为不计油液流动的能量损失由图可得2211221122pvpv1122vAvA322622230/min43010/1.59/602010204qLvmsmsAmm312613010425.5/60510qvmsA22221212900()(25.51.59)2914740.2922ppvvPaPaMPa2-11解:对油箱液面与泵入口处列伯努利方程,以油箱液面为基准面21222vHg2gpp真空度:2-12解:对油箱液面与泵入口处列伯努利方程,以油箱液面为基准面222v1223vgH2g20.859009.8(0.4)29.84.1810ppppa2211122233122242224410(/)0,2.04(/)0.025()2.040.02535923201.4210(/)2weppvpvghqmsvvmsdmvdRms其中:222e852.5106323202010275750.07R1063evdR层流221112211211322220,04251085/3.142.560pvpvhhggggvhQvcmsA32-13解:31221441810382/3.14160Qvcmsd322204418101062/3.140.660Qvcmsd()判断流态:113821191023200.2evdRv层流0210620.6318623200.2evdRv紊流阻力系数:0393.0191075R75e11压力损失:Pavdlp774202)82.3(90001.030393.022211112202003900(10.62)0.04211.0683520.0062vlpMPadPavdlp22982)82.3(900035.022211总压力损失:10ppppw6677420101.068352298101.148Mpa1420.2510.31640.31640.042131860.35eR2221max7529002.0423590.0252100003129841298()4000022.04412989.821.696()walvpppppdpphhm代入方程有:4对进出口端面列伯努利方程,取过中心线的水平面为基准面12212021112212222110,/g,p03.82m/s,10.62m/sg2g2gg21v2vg2ggwhhhpvvvpvvppp层流,紊流22-6900110.6223.821.148237620101.1481.186Mpa2-14解:(1)pAtmv由公式:(2)13sin600.60.522FFN2-15解:2-17解:mTqKAP由得其中薄壁m=0.5细长孔m=1221122122221500.050.225qpqppMPaMPaqpq对于薄壁孔11221221500.050.125qpqppMPaMPaqpq对于细长孔2-18解:(1)根据柱塞运动状态和式(2-64)得30122dhuVdhqptl444364631281283.14110110600.27312812820109000.31027.3dPdPqulVldplMvqcm2226190036324002532400100.644pAtAvtpvPadFpApN5式中24vdH是柱塞下降0.1m排出的液体体积2/4Fpd;0u是柱塞下降的运动速度,0Hut;将上述参数代入上式并整理可得22233332633531342(2)41235010701020100.1(20100.110)4100(510)dHdHldHtddpFhl530s(2)完全偏心则1302.5122dhuVdhqptl23332633533(2)1035010701020100.1(20100.110)1000(510)212ldHtdFhs3-53-6解:(1)求偏心量以单作用式叶片泵的理论排量公式计算(忽略叶片厚度)(2)3-7解:忽略泄露流量的影响316102,0.95228930qqDeBemmDB则max43maxmax0.52.52222892.5304.19410/41.94/DdemmqDeBmmrmlr623226350/min0.0167/3000/mintan4440.016710tan0.0741610125109qnvqLvLrnrvdDZrvrdDZ3-8解:(1)(2)20.24/min80.96/min250/tMMMqLnrVmLr液压马达的实际转速为66(3)210.5110250100.9369.9620.92MMMMMVPVTNmNm液压马达的输出转速为4-3解:(1)3P为大气压03PMPaAAAPP5.010801010010100109.0444621112NAPAPFF500010100105.046231221smAqV/02.01010060/10124311smAqV/016.01010002.010804422(2)(3)022111APAPFMPaAAPP125.1108010100109.044621124-4解:对于摆动式液压缸64641111221120.910100100.910/2801054002PFPAPAPAAN6412213210.910/21001045002PFPAPAAN220.92/min20.24/mintmtmmvqqqLL液压马达的理论流量为:7222(1)=2n=()qbRr222222225/min0.142()0.7/(10040)qLbmRrradsmm(2)2212()()2bTRrpp=221212222()()()2()qqRrppppRr25/min(100.5)5654.760.7/LTMPaNmrads4-5(1)快进时为差动连接则324qvd快退时2v=224(-)qDdπ∵2v=3v∴4qd2=224(-)qDd∴222Dd∴20.103Ddm70,100dmmDmm取标准直径(2)工作进给时液压缸无杆腔的压力22212()44DDdpFp22225512222244250000.10.07(210)32.8510160.10.1FDdppPaPaMPaDD11.54.93yppMPa故取试验压力45610,5,bMPan缸筒材料是钢,其材料的抗拉强度取安全系数/122bnMPa许用应力[]5649.3100.10.002022.022[]212210yPDmmmm故取缸筒壁厚3mm。(3)活塞杆截面最小回转半径34425/min0.0736/minqLdmvm844/64/417.5/4krJddmmAd15/0.017585.7klr活塞杆细长比根据已知条件以及查表可得81285,2,4.910,1/5000fNma12852120/klr故活塞杆保持稳定工作的临界值82462224.9107101.0871011()4[185.7]50002crkfAFNNalr61.0871043.52425000crnFF安全系数所以该活塞稳定。4-6解:(a)图:运动方向向左(b)图:运动方向向右4-8解:由图可知为工进状态,则:22212(1)()44FpDpDd626622641012510110(12590)104443155.375N24(2)qvdmaxmax2224410/min0.815/min125qLvmDmm22222212[()]()422()aaFDdpDdpqvDd421221244444bbDFDppdqqdvDD9minmin222440.05/min0.004/min125qLvmDmm4-9解(1)在整个缓冲行程1l中,缓冲室要吸收的能量包括:活塞连同负载等运动部件在刚进入缓冲过程一瞬间的动能kE;整个缓冲过程压力腔压力液体所做的功pE;整个缓冲过程消耗在摩擦上的功fE。它们分别为:2221120000.3(/)9022kEmvkgmsJ5342227010251010545244pEpAlmJ3950251023.75ffEFlJ则整个缓冲过程的平均缓冲压力为:11pkfcpEEEAl而最大缓冲压力,即冲击压力为:max111121.75kpfkcpEEEEpMPaAlAl(2)如缸筒强度不够,需采取必要的改进措施,可供选择的方法有:1.允许的话,可减小缸的额定工作压力;2.加大缓冲行程;3.在缓冲柱塞上开轴向三角槽,或采用锥角为5°—15°的锥面缓冲柱塞,一缓和最大缓冲压力;4.在油路上安装行程减速阀,使在进入缓冲之前先减速降低动能,从而减小最大冲击压力。4-10解:(1)快进时34qvd2,34425/min79.85/minqLdmmvL快退时2224()qvDd,2322244()qqvvdDd222,2112.85DdDdmm(2)231121()4FpAApd331222510544
本文标题:液压与气压传动王守城习题答案
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