高考英语讲义-特殊句式

1高考英语讲义一．倒装1.全部倒装（将整个谓语部分放在主语之前）（1）在therebe句型中（其中be还可以换成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，lie，exist，come等动词），要全部倒装Longlongago，therelivedakingwholikedhorsesverymuch.Therearemanypeopledancinginthesquare.Thereseemstohaveaconcertinthehalltomorrow.Thereliesasnakealongthelake.（2）such放句首，句子全部倒装(注意主谓一致，以谓语动词后面的成分来确定的单复）Suchwashislifethen.Suchiswhathewants.Suchwereherbooks.（3）以there，here，now，then，thus等引导的句子中，谓语动词常为be，come，go等，句子全部倒装Theregoesthebell.Herecomesthebus.Thencameanewdifficultquestion.Thereringsthetelephone.（4）以down，up，out，away等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时，句子全部倒装(人称代词出现时，句子不倒装）Upwentthearrowintothesky.Incametheteacher.Awayranthedog.Outrushedthepeoplefromtheirhousewhentheearthquakehappened.Inshecame.Hereyouare.Outitran.(人称代词出现，不倒装）（5）表地点的介词短语放在句首，句子要用倒装Intheclassroomstaysagirl.Onthedeskliesabook.2.部分倒装（将谓语中的助动词，情态动词，be动词放在主语之前）（1）only+状语（副词，介词短语，状语从句）放在句首，谓语动词部分倒装OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlywhenIcameintothehousedidIrecognizetheman.注：only修饰主语时，句子不用倒装Onlyyoucanfinishthework.（2）so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，句子部分倒装SodidI（我也是）和sohedoes（他确实是）的判断方法〈1〉判断原句正负（肯定为正，否定为负）原句为正用so开头，原句为负用neither或nor开头〈2〉判断原句的be/助动词/情态动词（根据时态和人称确定）〈3〉看人称所指一致不一致人称所指一致，用正序；人称所指不一致用倒序教学目的了解倒装、强调句、反义疑问句、主谓一致、省略、it用法上课时间上课时长上课内容特殊句式课次2〈4〉如果出现第三个人和前面两人的情况相同时，用itisthesamewithsb.如果两者情况都相同时，并且原句为否定，则省略句还可用：主语be/助动词/情态动词+either.Iwentthereyesterday,sodidhe.我昨天去那里了，他也去了。——Tomisagoodstudent.——Soheis.(强调他的却是）SheneverwenttoBeijing.NeitherdidI.（强调我也没去过）（3）否定副词或短语放在句首，句子部分倒装Never，no，hardly，scarcely，barely，seldom，little，not，few,nowhere，rarely，innotime，bynomeans，innocase，under/innocircumstances等NotasinglemistakedidImake.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.Seldomdoeshegetupearly.（4）复合句型的倒装〈1〉Notuntil提前主倒从不倒陈述语序：Wedidnothavesupperuntilhereturnedhome.倒装语序：Notuntilhereturnedhomedidwehavesupper.〈2〉nosooner……than……/Hardly……when……（一……就）Nosooner+句子部分倒装（过去完成时）than+句子（一般过去时）Hardly+句子部分倒装（过去完成时）when+句子（一般过去时）Nosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteachercamein.Hadlyhadwearrivehomethenthetelephonerang.Nosoonerhadhepickupthepaperthantheownerreachedandaskforit.〈3〉notonly……butalso……（不但……而且……）前倒后不倒Notonlywasheforcedtostayathome,butalsohehadtodohishomework.Notonlyhashearrivedthedestination,butalsohepreparedatableofdeliciousfoodforus.〈4〉so……that……（如此……以至于……）前倒后不到So+形容词+be+主语that……So+副词+助动词+主语+实意动词that……Soclearlydoeshespeakthatweallunderstandwhathesays.Sofastdidherunthatwecannotgowithhim.Sofastdidheridethemotorbikewhenheturnaroundthecornerthathefelldownheavily.〈5〉让步状语从句中，从句部分倒装句型例句名词+as/though+主系,主句Childasheis,heknowsalot.形容词+as/though+主系Youngasheis，hefinishesiteasily.副词+as/though+主谓Hardashehadworked，hefailedtheexam.动词原形+as/though+主助Tryashedid，hefailed.上述句子都可以换成用although或but引导的让步状语从句（陈述句式）：Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Althoughheisyoung,hefinishesiteasily.Althoughhehadworkedhard,hefailedtheexam.Hetried,buthefailed.3二、强调句型1.类型和结构类型结构例句肯定Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分Itismyfatherwhoalwaysgivesmemoney.一般疑问句Is/wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分Wasityoursisterwhohelpedyou？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+is/was+itthat+其他成分Wherewasitthattheyboughtthebike？Whatwasitthatmadetheresultchanged?其他Itmightbe+被强调部分+that+其他Itmusthavebeen+被强调部分+that+其他ItmightbeTomwhobrokethewindow.ItmusthavebeenTomwhobrokethewindowlastnight.2.Notuntil的强调句型Hedidnotgotobeduntil11o’clock.Itwasnotuntil11o’clockthathewenttobed.比较：陈述句式：Hedidnotgotobeduntilhismothercameback.倒装句式：Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhegotobed.强调句式：Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.3.谓语动词的强调Do/does/did+动词原形，可以用来强调谓语动词表示“的却，确实”Idohopeyouwillstaytolunch.Hedidattendthemeeting.4、强调句和其他句型的区别：（1）强调句和主语从句的区别：Itistherethataccidentsoftenhappens.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.（2）强调句和定语从句的区别ItisnovelsthatMissWilliamenjoysreading.Itisaquestionthatneedscarefullyconsideration.（3）强调句和状语从句的区别：Itwasat6:00thatIgotuptoday.Itwas6:00whenIgetup.ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearnEnglish.ItwastwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Itwastwoyearslaterthathecamebackfromabroad.三、反意疑问句1、做反意疑问句的步骤4（1）判断陈述部分的正负（正为肯定，负为否定认识否定词）否定词：seldom,hardly,never,few,nothing,nobody,nowhere,no,scarcely，barely，little，not，nowhere，rarely，innotime，bynomeans，innocase，under/innocircumstances（2）判断陈述部分需要用的代词（3）反意部分为：be/助动词/情态动词+人称（根据前肯后否，前否后肯的原则）Lucyisagoodstudent,isn’tshe?Iamthefirstonetocometoschool,aren’tI?2、反意疑问句的类型（1）陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句①当must为“必须”时，其反意部分用needn’t，当含有mustn’t（不允许，禁止）时，反意部分用must/may.Youmustgonow,needn’tyou?Youmustn’tsmokehere,mustyou/mayyou?②当must表推测，为“一定，准是”时(对现在的推测)mustbe,反意部分用be(am/is/are)+n’t+人称代词Hemustbeathome,isn’the?Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?(对过去的推测)肯定用musthavedone否定用can’thavedone有时间状语反意部分用did/didn’t+人称代词反意部分,分两种情况：Youmusthavewatchedthatfootballmatchlastnight,didn’tyou?无时间状语反意部分用have/has（n’t）+人称代词Youmusthaveheardaboutit,haven’tyou?(2)陈述部分有usedto的反意疑问句，反意部分用usedn’t/didn’t+人称代词Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn’tyou?(3)陈述部分有oughtto的反意疑问句Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the?(4)陈述部分有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody，nowhere，no，none，noneof，neither，nor等否定或半否定词，反意部分用肯定形式。Hecouldhardlywalkwi