论我国军人保险制度及其立法完善

2002420025:OnOurCountry'sArmyManInsuranceSystemandItsLegislationPerfectionD922.182.3InsuranceSystem191919381997314199876199912161234AbstractToadoptthearmymaninsurancesystemisthecommonpracticeofeverycountryintheworldoftodayandalsoisanimportantandindispensablepartofthemodernsocialsecuritysystem.TheUnitedStatesofAmericainstitutedthearmymaninsurancesystemasearlyasin1919.InoldChinabeforeliberation,thegovernmentoftheRepublicofChinainstitutedthearmymaninsurancesystemduringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan,suchastheRevisedMethodofRiskofArmyManatWartimeHandledbyCentralTrustBureauissuedin1938.AfterthefoundationofnewChina,underthecircumstanceofplannedeconomy,thePartyandgovernmentcarriedoutthepolicytogivepreferentialtreatmentandspecialcaretotherevolutionaryarmman,whichisstillplayinganimportantroleinincreasingthecohesionofthearmyandstrengtheningthenationaldefenseuntilnow.Withthedeepeningofourcountry'sreformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,especiallywiththeestablishmentanddevelopmentofthemarketeconomy,theoriginalpolicyofpreferentialtreatmentandspecialcaredoesnotmeettheincreasingneedofsocialsecurityofthearmymanandarmyman'sfamily.Especiallythearmymanwillfaceagreatdangerandriskinrespectsofpreparingforthepresentmilitarystruggle,winningthepartialwarunderconditionsofhightechnologyandcarryingoutthesacredmissiontomaintainpeaceoftheworldandpromotethegreatcauseofreunificationofourmotherland.Therefore,howtodesignandmakeoutacompletesetofthearmymaninsurancesystemwithmodernChinesecharactershasbecomesanewsubjectwithhistoricandpracticalsignificance.Theauthorhasengagedinthearmylegalserviceforalongtime.Inthepracticalworktheauthorfeltdeeplythatthelawandrightconsciousnessofthebroadcommandersandsoldiersraisedconstantly.Ontheonehandtheyhaveverystrongdedicationspirit,andontheotherhandtheyarepayingmorecloseattentiontotheirownandtheirfamily'slegalrightsandintereststhanbefore.Therefore,theauthorfeelsthatbecausethearmymaninsuranceisthecommonrequirementsofthearmymantowithstandvariousrisksincludingdeath,theresearchandsettlementofthearmymaninsuranceisanimportantissuerelatedtothenationaldefenseandarmyconstruction.Butbecausesomepeopleinsideandoutsidethearmydonotrecognizetheimportanceofthearmymaninsurancesystemandevenadoptsthenegativeattitude,thedifferentideasinaspectofunderstandingandknowledgemakeourcountry'sarmymaninsurancesystemnotbecarriedoutbynow,whichwidenthedistancewithlocalsocialinsurancesystemandmakesthelegalrightandinterestsofsomeex-servicemennotbeguaranteedanddampendowntheenthusiasmoftheservicemantoservethecauseofthemilitaryfieldtoacertaindegree.Inordertoadaptnewsituationandsolvenewproblems,thefifthmeetingofEighthNationalPeople'sCongressadoptedtheNationalDefenseLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonMarch14,1997.Thethirdarticleinsixtiethsectionofwhichclearlystipulatesthatthenationcarriesoutthearmymaninsurancesystem.Asthebasiclawofourcountry'snationaldefenseconstruction,theNationalDefenseLawdefinesthearmymaninsurancesystem,whichhasepoch-makingsignificance.OnJuly6,1998,withtheapprovaloftheStateCouncilandtheCentralMilitaryCommissionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,thePLAfourGeneralDepartmentsprintedanddistributedtheSchemetoImplementArmyManInsuranceSystemandtheTemporaryProvisionsfortheInjuryandDeathInsuranceofArmyManofthePLA.GeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncilandtheGeneralOfficeoftheCentralMilitaryCommissionofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaprintedanddistributedtheTemporaryMethodoftheArmyManofthePLAReleasedMedicalInsuranceonDecember16,1999.Untilattime,ourcountry'sarmymaninsurancesystementersapracticaloperating.Facingthenewlyemergingthingsofarmymaninsurancesystem,manyexpertsandscholarsinsideandoutsidearmypublishedlotsofresearcharticleswithnewprofoundandinfluentialopinionsinrecentyears.Thearmy'sdepartmentsatalllevelsinchargeforthearmymaninsurancestudyactivelythemainproblemsinthepracticeofthearmymaninsuranceandareboldinpracticeandputforwardsomeconstructionalproposalstotheproblemsappearedincarryingoutarmymaninsurancesystem,amongofwhichtherearesomepointofviewwiththemodernidea,foreseeabilityandpracticality.Butsyntheticallyspeaking,thetheoryresearchonthearmymaninsuranceobviouslylagsbehinditspractice.Astickingpointoftheissueistobeshortofparticipationandinstructionofthelegists.Mostresearcharticleshavetheobviousinfantiledisorderofthelawandareshortofknowledgeofthelaw.AlthoughstronglyappealingforinstitutingtheArmyManInsuranceLawassoonaspossible,Someresearcharticlesprovestheissueonlyfrompointofviewofpoliticsandeconomyanddosenotsumupandopenouttherulesofthearmymaninsurancesystemfrompointofviewoflaw,andeventherearesomeconfusionofthetheoryoflaw.Forexample,somearticlesclassifiesthearmymaninsurancesystemasthecategoryofsocialsecuritylawontheonehandandontheotherhandclassifiestheArmyManInsuranceLawthatisbeingdraftasthecategoryofthemilitarylaw.Foranotherexample,somearticlessummarizeitasfollows:thearmymaninsurancelawbelongstothesocialinsuranceandthesocialinsurancebelongstothelaborlaw.Thiskindofinferenceobviouslytransgressesthetheoryoflaw.Theauthorconsidersthatourcountry'sarmymaninsurancesystemisa