小学六年级毕业班总复习之语法总结

友益英语学校小学毕业班总复习之语法篇22前言：要学好一门外语，无非是从词、句，最后到段，词句需要积累，段由句组成，句子由词构成，因此明白词的用法很重要，但单纯的词又需要句帮助记忆，所以在讲词之前先告诉大家小学三种最常见句子结构：1.主语+谓语+宾语例如：IlikeEnglish.Iseeyou.2.主语+谓语+副词Thebusgoesquickly.Theywalkslowly.3.主语+be动词+形容词或名词Theyarestudents.Theyareyoung.下面就是对小学出现的词性和语法的总结。一、名词：多用作主语和宾语。1、可数名词与不可数名词的区别可数名词分为个体名词(如book,desk,等)和集体名词(如people,family等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。如meat,water,milk,homework,time等)。2、名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：①.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：book→booksroom→roomshouse→housesday→days②.以s,ss,ch,sh,x结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：bus→busesglass→glasseswatch→watchesdish→dishesbox→boxes③.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city→citiesbody→bodiesfactory→factories④.以f或fe结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half→halvesleaf→leavesknife→kniveswife→wives⑤.特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]child→childrenmouse→miceman→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemen(规律:man→men)tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes[悄悄话：以o结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo→photos]foot→feettooth→teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。]sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]3、不可数名词的家务事①.不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Thefoodisveryfresh.食品很新鲜。②.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：orange(橘汁)→oranges(橘子)。4、“行行色色”的名词所有格,名词词尾加's的所有格.①.一般情况在名词后加's。例如：Thatgirl'scoatisintheroom.那个女孩的衣服在房间里。②.在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面，只加’。TodayisSeptember10th,Teachers'Day.。Children'sDayiscoming,Ishouldbuysomethingnewformyson.③.如果一个东西为两个人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后面加's。例如：TheyareJohn'sandKate'srooms.Howbeautifultheyare!HeisLilyandLucy'sfather.即学即练：用所给名词的适当形式填空。1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?友益英语学校小学毕业班总复习之语法篇232.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.4.Therearealotof________(Chinese)inJapan.5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let’stake________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.9.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.16.Thisisaman.(复数)→____________________________________.17.Thatisanapple.(复数）→________________________________.18.Thereisapenonthedesk.(复数）→_______________________________.19.Heisagoodstudent.(复数）→____________________________________.20.Sheisagoodteacher.（复数）→_____________________________________.二、冠词：定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a,an)和零冠词（即名词前不用冠词），修饰名词。1.不定冠词a,an的用法，a用在辅音音素前，an用在元音音素前。例如：adeskachair,acup；anapple,anorange,anegg,anhour等。2.定冠词the的用法:①在上面提到的人或事物之前，例如：Thereisabookonthedesk.Thebookismine.②用在乐器名词之前，例如：playthepiano,playtheviolin等。3.不用定冠词的四项注意。今天,我们从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词“the”。①定冠词不能用在节日、星期、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:IgotoschoolontheMonday.(×)IgotoschoolonMonday.(√)②定冠词不用在三餐前，例如Iwanttohaveporridgeforthesupper.(×)Iwanttohaveporridgeforsupper.(√)③定冠词不用在球类名词前，例如Iplaythesoccereveryday.(×)Iplaysoccereveryday.(√)④定冠词不与名词前有this,that,my,your,some,any等代词连用。例如:Thisthepenismine.(×)Thispenismine.(√)即学即练：用a,an,the或/填空。1.Itis______orangeonthetable.2.Ihave___eggandsomebreadfor____breakfast.3.Tomplays____pianoeveryday.4.---Isthisyour____book?---No,itisn’t.5.Therearesixtyminutesin______hour.6.---Look!Hereisapen.Is_____penyours?---Oh,yes,itismine.Thankyou!7.Schoolusuallystartsin_______September.8.Itisalwayshotin______summer.9.Junefirstis_______Children’sDay.10.Mybirthdayisin________May.三、动词:用于作句子的谓语。动词分类：系动词（be动词）、情态动词、助动词、行为（实义）动词。友益英语学校小学毕业班总复习之语法篇241.系(be)动词：到目前为止我们学到的主要是be动词，包括am,is,are,was,were五个。2.情态动词①.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，它的后面必须接动词原形。②.常见情态动词：can,must,may,would③.情态动词的用法及主要句型：a.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,please./No,thankyou.b.---Can+主语+动词原形？---Yes,主语+can./No,主语+can’t.c.---CanIuseyourpen?---Yes,ofcourse./Sure.Hereyouare.d.---MayIcomein?---Comein,please.e.---MayIsithere?---Yes,please./Sorry,pleasedon’t.f.---Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?---Yes,please./No,thankyou.g.---Wouldyouliketogotoamovie?---Yes,I’dloveto./I’dloveto,butIambusy.3.助动词：帮助实义动词构成否定句和疑问句的词。到目前学过3个do,does和did.例如：①IlikeEnglish.→Idon’tlikeEnglish./DoyoulikeEnglish?②Hewantsanicecream.→Hedoesn’twantanicecream./Doeshewantanicecream?③Theywenttoschoolyesterday.→Theydidn’tgotoschoolyesterday./Didtheygotoschoolyesterday?④特别提示：do也可以做行为动词，区别就在于do做助动词时后必须有行为动词，例如：Idomyhomeworkeveryday.Idon’tdomyhomework.4.行为（实义）动词：除去以上三类，其余的动词皆为行为动词，表示有实际意义的动词。如：run,work,jump,go等。即学即练：用横线划出句子中的动词并判断属于哪类动词，写在后面的括号内。A.be动词B.情态动词C.助动词D.行为动词1.Heisagoodstudentinhisclass.()2.Whatcanyoudo?()3.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.()4.ShelikesEnglishverymuch.()5.Tomdoesnoteatanything.()6.JohnandIaregoodfriends.()7.MayIgotothestorewithyou?()8.Iamgoodatmath.()9.Youmustwashyourclothes.()10.TheydonotwanttheTV.()四、介词常见介词用法：1.at:用于表示时刻，时间的某一点或表示在某一个小地方。例如：atnineo’clock,atnight,athome等。2.on:用于星期、日期、节日、具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或在……上面等；onMonday,onAprilfirst,onChildren’sDay,onSundaymorning,onthedesk等；3.in:用于表示年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上或在……里面、某个大地方等。in2012,inMarch,insummer,intheevening,inthebag,inChina等。4.with:表示“带有、和……在一起、用……工具”等。例如：Iwanttobuyabighousewithaswimmingpool.IgotoschoolwithLily.Wewritewithapen.即学即练：用in,on,at,with填空。1.Iusuallyeatsupper_____sixthirty______the