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水工建筑物课程设计——均质土坝设计指导老师:姓名:胡晓班级:2010华水水工本科专业:水利水电工程土石坝设计实例一、坝型选择均质坝渗透系数K=3.0×10-5cm/s,满足K1.0×10-4cm/s,内摩擦角25°,较大,同其它坝型比较,造价较低,且对地基要求低,施工简单,干扰不大,材料单一,便于群众性施工。通过分析认为宜选用均质坝。二、体剖面设计土石坝的剖面是指坝坡大小,坝顶宽度和坝顶高程。1、坝顶宽度本坝顶无交通要求,对中低坝最小宽度BBmin=5m取B=6m。2、坝顶高程坝顶高程等于水库静水位与超高之和,并分别按以下运用情况计算,取其最大值。①设计洪水位加正常运用情况的坝顶超高,②校核洪水位加非常运用情况的坝顶超高。超高计算式一:其中:ha——波浪在坝坡上的爬高,m;e——风浪引起的坝前水位壅高,m;A——安全加高,m,根据坝的级别按下表采用。表一:某水库工程设计灌溉面积为7000亩,水库总库容为700万立方米,故工程级别为Ⅲ级。式二:e=KV2Dcosα/2gH其中α=90°所以cos90°=0,故e为零;式三:ha=0.45hlm-1n-0.6其中hl——设计波高;mm——坝坡坡率;取坝坡坡率取3;n——坝坡护面糙率,其值为:抛石0.035,干砌块石0.0275,浆砌石并勾缝0.025,沥青和混凝土0.0155;糙率取:0.025;其中;hl=0.0166V05/4D1/3=0.34(设计洪水时)/0.343(校核洪水时)由上式得:ha=0.45hlm-1n-0.6=0.46(设计)0.47(校核)故:d=ha+e+A=1.04m(设计)/0.74m(校核)故:坝顶高程为:设计洪水位1081.50m+1.04m=1082.54m(设计)坝的级别ⅠⅡⅢⅣ、Ⅴ正常运行非常运行1.50.71.00.50.70.40.50.3Aehad校核洪水位1081.8m+0.74m=1082.54m(校核)得出坝高:1082.54m-1056.00=26.54m3、坝坡坝高26.54m,故采用三级变坡。①上游坝坡:1:3.0;1:3.25;1:3.5。②下游坝坡:1:2.5;1:2.75;1:3.0。③马道:第一级马道高程为1064.8m,第二级马道高程为1073.6m,马道宽度:2m。三、坝体排水设备选择及尺寸拟定常用的坝体排水有以下几种型式:贴坡排水、棱体排水、褥垫式排水。贴坡排水不能降低浸润线。多用于润浸线很低和下游无水的情况。棱体排水可降低浸润线,防止坝坡冻胀和渗透变形,保护下游坝脚不受尾水淘刷,且有支撑坝体增加稳定的作用,是效果较好的一种排水型式。褥垫排水,对不均匀沉陷的适应性差,不易检修。本土坝坝体排水设备可选用棱体排水,尺寸为顶宽2m,内坡1:1.5;外坡1:2.0;顶部高程须高出下游最高水位1.0~2.0m,故顶部高程为340.1m。在排水设备与坝体和土基接合处,设反滤层。作出坝体最大剖面见图1。图1坝体最大剖面图(单位:m)四、渗流计算1、计算情况选择。渗流计算水力学法:q=k(H12-H22)/2L=3.0×10-5×1.75=5.25×10-5根据公式:其中x—计算点到下游面的距离L—渗流区长度即:164.242、渗流分析的方法采用水力学法进行土石坝渗流计算,将坝内渗流分为若干段,应用达西定律和杜平假设,建立各段的运动方程式,然后根据水流的连续性求解渗透流速,渗透流量和浸润线等。3、计算断面及公式本设计仅对河槽处最大断面进行渗流计算。计算公式采用表1中的不透水地基情况。4、单宽流量计算结果列表1。表1单宽流量计算表计算情况ho(m)q(m3/s.m)正常蓄水位3.965.25×10-5设计洪水位7.975.93×10-5坝高水位310.4030.714×10-55、绘制浸洞线①正常蓄水位情况下,浸润线方程:列表2如下,绘于图1。表2正常蓄水位情况下浸润线表x(m)0102080y(m)05.928.37516.75五、稳定计算1、分析情况选择以上游正常高水位,而下游无水:上游设计洪水位而下游相应水位来验证下游坝坡的稳定。以库水位为1/3坝高处,而下游无水来验证上游坝坡稳定分析。2、滑裂面形式对于均质坝,上下游坝坡均为曲线滑裂面。采用圆弧法进行稳定计算。3、不计条块间作用力的总应力法的稳定分析步骤如下:1)利用B.B方捷耶夫法和费兰纽斯法确定最危险滑弧所对应圆心的范围。在一扇形范围内的M1、M2延长线附近。LxHHHHx/)21(2222LxHHHHx/)21(22222)取0为圆心,以R=75m为半径,作滑弧。3)分条编号:b=0.1R,从圆心作垂线为0号土条的中心线,向上依次为1,2,3,…;向下依次为-1,-2,….4)列表计算荷载,参见下表1,表2,表3。5)利用公式计算抗滑稳定安全系数kc。式中:wi=r1h1+r3(h2+h3)+r4h4r1、r3—坝体土的湿重度、浮重度,r4、h4本设计不考虑wi’=r1h1+r2h2+r3h3+r4h4r1、r2、r3—坝体上的湿容重、饱和容重、浮容重。由提供的资料可知,本建筑物是3级建筑物。r1=19.5KN/m3,r2=20.1KN/m3,r3=20.5-9.81=10.7KN/m3。三种情况计算结果如下:①正常运用期87.156.8415.95765.71366.019.16645.95731807514.3180KRLi表1正常蓄水位情况下下游坝坡稳定计算表土条编号h1h2r1h1r3h2r2h2wiwi’sinαicosαiwicosαiWi’sinαi(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)=(3)+(4)(7)=(3)+(5)(8)(9)(10)(11)81.6031.20031.231.20.80.618.7224.96791.5175.516.0530.75191.55206.250.70.7113.6144.38696.5175.569.55133.25245.05308.750.60.8109.04185.2557.510.5146.25112.35215.25258.6361.50.50.87224.98180.7546.512126.75128.4246255.15372.750.40.92234.4149.135.513.5107.25144.45276.75251.73.840.30.95239.12115.22411.578123.05235.75201.05313.750.20.98197.0362.751412.578133.75256.25211.75334.250.10.99209.6333.4303.510.568.25112.35215.25180.6283.50000-146.57869.55133.25147.55211.23-0.10.99146.07-21.13-26.50126.7500126.75126.75-0.20.98124.22-25.35-31.33025.940025.9425.94-0.30.9524.64-7.78合计1664.19841.56②上游为设计洪水,下游相应水位iiiiiiiawecbtgawkcsin'1cos85.165.81814.897671366.034.1504K表2设计洪水位情况下下游坡坝稳定计算表土条编号h1h2h3r1h1r2h2r3h2r3h3wiwi’sinαicosαiwicosαiWi’sinαi(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(3)+(4)(7)(3)+(5)(8)(9)(10)(11)831.7058.534.8518.19076.6993.250.80.861.3574.6873.856.5075.08133.2569.550144.63208.330.70.71102.69145.8362.511.5048.75235.75123.050171.8284.50.60.8137.44170.75115019.5307.5160.501803270.50.87158.6163.540.516.509.75338.25176.550186.33480.40.93123.26139.230.5160.759.75328171.28.03188.98345.780.30.95179.53103.7320.75132.514.63266.5139.126.75180.48307.880.20.98176.8761.5810.610.53.511.710.25112.3537.45161.559.40.10.991605.9400.757.75414.63158.8882.9342.8140.36216.3101140.360-11.54.53.529.2592.2548.1537.45114.85158.95-0.10.99113.7-15.9-23.50268.250021.489.6589.65-0.20.9887.86-17.93-31.401.427.30014.9842.2842.28-0.30.9512.68-12.68合计1504.34818.65③当上游水位为31坝高处,上游坝坡的K为:79.22.52927.1027675.8172.1602366.027.102180KRLi表3上游水位为31坝高处上游坝坡抗滑稳定计算表土条编号h1h2r1h1r3h3wiwi’sinαicosαiwicosαiWi’sinαi(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(3)+(4)(6)(3)+(4)(7)(8)(9)(10)80.101.9501.951.950.80.61.171.5675091.5097.597.50.70.7169.2368.25690175.50175.5175.50.60.8140.4105.35130253.50253.5253.50.50.87220.55126.75413.51263.2510.7275.95273.950.40.92252.03109.58310519553.5248.5248.50.30.95236.0874.5527.57.5146.2580.25226.5226.50.20.98221.9745.314.5987.7596.3184.05184.050.10.99182.2118.4101.51029.25107136.25136.2501136.250-108.5090.9590.9590.950.10.9990.04-9.1-204.5048.1548.1548.150.20.9841.19-9.63-300.5505.895.895.890.30.955.60-1.27合计1602.72529.2
本文标题:均质土坝课程设计
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