大学英语四级新题型考试第一部分是写作,写作写得如何会直接影响以后的做题

大学英语四级新题型考试第一部分是写作，写作写得如何会直接影响以后的做题。短文写得得心应手，对后面的答题可起到事半功倍的作用，否则就有可能功亏一篑。四级写作的体裁包括说明文、议论文和应用文。写作的素材或要求可以是中文、英文和图表。写作字数在120字左右，写作的时间为30分钟，但你应留少量时间作最后的检查。写作既考查你的思考判断能力，也考查你的表达能力。因此，你应对一些校园、社会新闻和常识有一定的认识和见解，并能够有层次地、结构完整地在文章中清楚表达你的观点。一、文章的基本结构文章是由段落构成，而段落的基本结构是由主题句、支撑句和结尾句所构成，它的具体结构可以用以下的图表加以表示：大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：开头段(introduction)、主体段(bodyparagraph)和结尾段(conclusion)。(一)开头段对于大学英语四级的写作考题来说，限于篇幅，其开头段一般都不长。然而，这寥寥几句话却占有十分重要的地位，它表达的是整篇文章的主题思想。在议论文中，我们称之为中心论点，它起到驾驭全文的作用。一个意义清晰、明确的开头段，将有助于读者理解全文；一个精彩、新颖的开头段还能激起读者的阅读欲望。(二)主体段主体段的写作方法是多种多样的，而不同的方法会产生不同的效果，不同的方法需用不同的组织形式。因此，在动笔之前，必须先选择好所采用的方法，然后根据自己所选的方法确定相应的结构形式，才能把文章写好。(三)结尾段开头和结尾往往是读者注意最多的部分。开头引起读者注意，提出主题；结尾与开头呼应，使读者感觉全文论述完整，圆满结束。从某种意义上来说，结尾更容易给读者留下深刻印象。人们常把好的文章结尾称作是“画龙点睛”，可见结尾部分对整篇文章所起的作用。二、写作实例分析(一)说明文(1)说明文一般用于解释和分析社会现象或社会问题。要求考生对某种社会现象产生的原因及其可能造成的种种影响或应采取的措施进行分析和说明。此类文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph1phenomenon(现象)Paragraph2reasons(effects)(原因或危害)Paragraph3suggestionsorsolutions(措施)Drugabuseamongyoungpeoplehasbecomemoreandmoreprevalentoverrecentyears.(主题句)Statisticsshowthatthenumberofyouthdrugusersalmostdoublesinthepastthreeyears.(数据支撑)Itisvitaltoanalyzewhydrugsaresoattractivetoyoungpeopleandwhatcanbedonetocombatit.(结论)Firstly,teenagersareunderincreasingpressure-thismaybepeerpressureorpressuretosucceedforexample.Drugusemayhelpthemescapereality,forgettheirproblems,orsimplyfeelmoreacceptedbytheirfriends.(原因1)Inaddition,throughthemediaweareexposedtoinformationthatglamorizesdruguseandmakesitlookattractive,particularlytoyoungpeople.(原因2)Furthermore,teenagersareusuallynaturallycuriousaboutdrugs,anddrugdealerscantakeadvantageofthiscuriosityfortheirownprofit.(原因3)Highfinesandprisonsentencesshouldalsobeimposedondrugdealersandusers.(措施1)However,itismyownpersonalviewthatpreventionisbetterthancureandsoagoodeducationprogrammedaboutthedangersofdrugabuseisoneofthemostimportantstepsanygovernmentshouldtake.(措施2)(二)说明文(2)比较性说明文用于比较两种或几种类似的事物，要求考生通过比较它们各自的优点或缺点，说明自己的看法，并加以论证。这种文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph1phenomenon(现象)Paragraph2advantages(优点)Paragraph3disadvantages(缺点)Paragraph4comments(结论)Amobilephoneisgettingincreasinglypopular.(主题句)Statisticsshowthateightoutoftencollegestudentshavegotone.(数据支撑)However,asisthecasewithmanyissues,amobilephonehasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.(承上启下)Onthepositiveside,amobilephoneallowscallstobemadeinstantlyfromalmostanylocation.Thiscanbevitalwhereemergencyservicesneedtobecalledtothesceneofacrime,accidentorfire,wherenopublictelephoneisnearby.(优点1)Meanwhile,amobilephonecanserveasaconnectiontotheInternet,whichcanbeextremelyconvenientforobtaininginformationwhereveryoumaybe.(优点2)Thefactthatamobilephoneallowsapersontobecontactedatanytimecaninitselfbeadisadvantage.Forinstance,anemployeemay,viathemobilephone,beconstantlyavailabletohisemployerandfeelsthatheneverleaveswork.Thismaycausedistress.(缺点1)Anotherdisadvantageistheperceivedhealthrisksassociatedwithitsuse.Somepeoplebelievethatusingmobilephonesforlongperiodscandamagethebrain.(缺点2)Thereisnodenyingthatamobilephonehasbothbenefitsanddrawbacksbutonbalanceperhapstheadvantagesofamobilephoneoutweighitsdisadvantagessinceamobilehasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.(结论)(三)说明文(3)图表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构是：Paragraph1change(变化)Paragraph2reasonsorimplication(原因或意义)Paragraph3conclusion(effects;implication)(结论)Theperiod1995~2005witnessedarapidincreaseinthenumberofpeopleinCityXtravelingabroad.Ascanbeseen,in1995,onlyabout10,000peopleinthiscitywentoverseaswhilein1999thisnumberquicklyroseto40,000.In2005,howeverthenumberofoverseastravelersurgedtoover120,000,whichismorethan10timesasmanyasthatof1995.(变化)Thischangecanbeaccountedforbyacoupleoffactors.First,alongwithsocialandeconomyprogress,thelivingstandardoftheChinesepeoplehasbeengreatlyenhanced,sotheyhaveenoughmoneyandtimetotravelabroad.Meanwhile,moreandmorepeoplewanttoenjoythemselvesandbroadentheirvisionbyvisitingoverseashistoricalplacesandexperiencingexoticcultures.(原因)Overseastravelhasaprofoundeffectonbothindividualsandthesociety.Itcanwidenourpeople’shorizons,promotefriendshipandenhanceculturalinteraction.Inthemeantime,itcanalsoboostoursocialeconomyandmakeoursocietymoreprosperousanddynamic.It’sgoodforournation’sprogress.(结论)(四)议论文(1)议论文的第一种形式是要求考生针对某一有争议性的两种观点，来阐述自己的立场，或对这一问题反映出的某一观点进行驳斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以论证。它的基本形式是：一些人认为……；另一些人认为……；我的看法……。这种文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph1Introduction(启)Paragraph2Analysis(承)Paragraph3Conclusion(转合)例如：1.一些人认为数据库威胁个人隐私2.另一些人认为数据库有利于提高工作效率3.我的看法MyviewonDataCollectionDatacollectionisafactofmodernlife.Somearguethatdatacollectionisendangeringtherightsofindividuals,thoughothersseeitasausefultoolwhichincreasesefficiency.(启)Tobefrank,Ibelievedatacollectiondoesmoregoodthanharm.(作者观点)Foronething,databasesprovideaveryusefultool.Largedatabaseswhichcontaininformationonmanyindividualscanenablemoreeffectivedecisionstobemade.Institutionssuchasgovernmentdepartmentsandpolicerelyondatacollectioninordertooperateefficiently,andhospitalsusecomputerizedrecordstohelpintheirfightagainstdisease.(承1)Foranother,databasesstoredoncomputercanalsobeveryefficient.Datawhichhasbeencollectedinoneareacanbesentanywhereinthe