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“Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”“想象力比知识更重要。”-AlbertEinsteinCreativeProblemSolving创造性解决问题CourseObjective:课程目标:Todeveloptechniquesforresolvingworkbasedproblemsinacreativeandinnovativeway.以一种创造和革新的方式发展解决工作中问题的技巧。Youwilllearn:Toidentifyclearlyobjectivestobeachieved.清楚地了解要取得的目标Thebarrierstoproblemsolving解决问题的障碍Howtodevelopaproblem-solvingmodel如何发展一种解决问题的模式CreativeProblemSolving创造性解决问题Youwilllearn:Toimproveproblemsolvingskillsbytheuseofthefishboneandwhy-whytechniques.利用鱼骨法和为什么-为什么法提高解决问题的技巧Howtodevelopadecision-makingmodel如何发展一种决策模式Howtodevelopcreativeandinternalthinking如何发展创造性和内在思维CreativeProblemSolving创造性解决问题HowtoPerceiveProblems?如何看待问题?Therearenoproblems.没有问题。Everyproblemisanopportunityindisguise.每一个问题都是一个潜在的机会。Whatisaproblem?问题是什么?“Itisagapbetweenacurrentandadesiredstate”问题就是目前的情况和你渴望得到的状态之间的差距。Itisabarrier,obstacle,restrain,etc.thathinderssmoothprogress,reduceseffectivenessandrequiresanalysisbeforeactionistaken.问题是一种障碍、阻拦、抑制,它阻碍着事情的顺利发展,使我们在行动之前减少对有效性及需求的分析。CreativeProblem-solvingModel创造性解决问题模式-7步1.ProblemFinding(Problemdefinition)发现问题(问题的定义)2.FactFinding(Problemdescription)找到事实根据(问题的描述)3.Cause&EffectAnalysis(ProblemAnalysis)因果分析(问题的分析)4.ProblemStatement问题的表述5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction(Identifysolutions)产生富有想象力的办法(找到解决办法)6.IdeaScreening(Verificationofsolution筛选各种想法(确认解决办法)7.ImplementationPlan实施计划ProblemFinding发现问题Symptoms症状Problems问题TheRealProblesms真正的问题1.ProblemFinding发现问题Bankdeclinedtheloanrequest银行拒绝了你的贷款要求Bankthinksthatyouhavenodebtpayingability银行认为你没有还债能力Banklearnsthatyourcompanymadealargeinvestmentinaprojectwihichhasnotbeencompleted银行获悉你的公司在一个尚未完成的项目上投入了大笔资金Oneofyourcompetitorsmadeuptherumourthatyourcompanysufferedagreatlossinthatproject你的一个竞争对手散布谣言说你的公司在那个项目上损失巨大IdentifytheProblem找出问题3.Cause-and-EffectAnalysis因果分析The“FishboneDiagram”“鱼骨图”The“Why-WhyDiagram”“为什么-为什么分析法图”AnalyzetheProblem分析问题StepstoDevelopaFishboneDiagram发展鱼骨分析法的步骤Identifytheeffect明确现象Identifythemajorcausecategories明确主要原因的种类Brainstormthepossiblecauesoftheproblem对产生问题的可能原因进行集思广益Assesseachmajorcausecategory评定每个主要原因的种类Reachanagreementonthemostlikelycause(s)在最可能的原因上取得一致意见FishboneDiagram鱼骨分析图IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加Possible“Cause”Categories可能的“原因”种类People,Places,Policies&Procedures(4Ps)人、地点、政策及程序Suppliers,Skills,Systems&Surroundings(4Ss)供应商、技巧、系统及环境Methods,Materials,Machines(3Ms)方法、原料、设备和人#Youcanhaveanycategoriesthatsuityourneeds你可能有适合你需要的别的分类IncreasedProductCosts产品成本增加FishboneDiagram-CauseCategories鱼骨法分析原因种类Place地点Procedure程序People人Policies政策BuildingAFishboneDiagram勾画一幅鱼骨图IncreasedProductcost产品成本增加Rawmaterialpriceincreased原材料价格上涨Landuserentincreased土地租金上涨Electricitycostincreased电的成本增加Transportationcostincreased运输成本增加Bankinterestrateincreased银行利率上升Labourwagesincreased劳动工资增长DrawingAWhy-WhyDiagram画一幅为什么-为什么分析图WHY?WHY?WHY?Marketdemanddecreased市场需求下降Productqualitylowered产品质量下降SalesReduced销售减少Costincreased成本增加TheCompanysufferedaloss公司遭受损失4.ProblemStatement阐述问题Statedinshortandprecisewords以简短和准确的语言陈述Clearandunambiguous清晰而不含糊Definedintermsthatwillassistinthemeasurementoftheoutcome按照有助于衡量结果的方式阐述问题5.ImaginativeIdeaProduction展开想象,产生主意Brainstorming集思广益TriggerSessions举一反三Scenariowritingorscenariodaydreaming场景写作或场景幻想Suggestionschemes建议方案GenerateSolutions产生解决办法Brainstorming集思广益Brainstormingisatechniquetoencouragegroupcreativity:thisprocessallowsyoutousetherightbrainwhichisthecreativepartwhencomparedtothelogicalthinkingleftbrain.集思广益是一种鼓励小组创造性的技巧:这一过程让你运用右脑的创造性功能,而不是左脑的逻辑思维。TheRulesofBrainstorming集思广义之规则GoforQuantity追求数量PostponeJudgement不急于判断Twotypesofbrainstorming:集思广益的两种类型:Freewheeling:Shareideasallatonceandlistallideasastheyare“shoutedout”.随心所欲式:大家座在一起立刻分享主意,并且列出大家“喊出”的所有主意。RoundRobin:Everyonetakesaturnofferinganidea,anyonecanpassonanyturn,allcontinueuntiltherearenomoreideasandallideasarelistedastheyareoffered.循环式:每个人依次提供一个主意,任何人也可随时插入主意,这样,一直循环直到没有主意再产生,同时这期间大家提供的所有主意应该被列出来。Theprocessofabrainstormingsession:集思广益方法:Don’teditwhatissaidandremembernottocriticiseideas不要改变或纠正别人所说的,并记住不要批评任何创意。Goforquantityofideasatthispoint;narrowdownthelistlater在这一阶段追求的是创意的数量,以后再缩减创意列单。encouragewildorexaggeratedideas(creativityisthekey)鼓励疯狂而夸张的创意(创造性是关键)Buildontheideasofothers(e.g.,onemembermightsaysomethingthat‘spark’anothermember’sideas)抛砖引玉(例如,可能某个人说出的某个主意突然就点燃了另一个人创意的‘火花’。)CreativeThinking创造性思维Whatblockscreativity?是什么阻碍创造性?Whatencouragescreativity?是什么激励创造性?TheFourBarrierstoCreativity-BARS阻碍创造性的4个障碍BBrainActivity脑力活动AssumptionsThatAren’tTrue不正确的假设Routines常规Skepticism怀疑论ARSEnviromentalChange环境改变Competition竞争Lackofprecedence没有先例RequiredbyLeaders被领导要求Increaseorganisationaleffectiveness提高工作的有效性Emphasisonmanagerialcontrol强调管理控制Short-termthinking短期考虑Over-analysisofideas对想法的分析过多Pressuretodomorewithless工作太多,压力大,没有时间多考虑Creativity创造性Factorspushingforcreativity促进创造性的因素Factorspushingagainstcreativity阻碍创造性产生的因素CreativeThinkingTechnique创造性思维的技巧Brainstorming脑力风暴ThinkingLanguages思想语言IrrelevantOrigins无关根源Relabeling重新命名Netwon’sThirdLaw牛顿第3定律Analogies比喻CreativeThinking创造性思维Brainstorming集思广益DeBono’sSixthinkinghatsDeBono的六顶思考的帽子SixThinki
本文标题:创造性解决问题.
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