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六、TheRighttoFail1、Ilike“dropout”asanadditiontotheAmericanlanguagebecauseit’sbriefandit’sclear.WhatIdon’tlikeisthatweuseitalmostentirelyasadirtyword.我喜欢“中途退出者”这个加入美语的词汇,因为它简洁明了。我所不喜欢的是我们几乎完全把它作为一个禁忌词语使用。2、Weonlyapplyittopeopleundertwenty-one.YetanadultwhospendshisdaysandnightswatchingmindlessTVprogramsismoreofadropoutthananeighteen-year-oldwhoquitscollege,withitsfrequentlymindlesscourses,tobecome,say,aVISTA’valunteer.Fortheyoung,droppingoutitsoftenawayofdroppingin.我们只把它用在21岁以下的人身上。与一个中途离开大学、避开那些毫无思想内容的课程,志愿参加为美国服务志愿队(VISTA)的18岁青年相比,一个整天整夜看不需要动脑筋的电视节目的成年人更是半途而废的人。而对于年轻人来说这是以退为进。3、Toholdthisopinion,howeverislittleshortoftreasoninAmerica.Aboyorgirlwholeavescollegeisbrandedafailure-andtherighttofailisoneofthefewfreedomsthatthiscountrydoesnotgrantitscitizens.TheAmericandreamisadreamof“gettingahead,”paintedinstrokesofgoldwhereverwelook.OuradvertisementsandTVcommercialsareahymntomaterialsuccess,ourmagazinearticlesatoasttopeoplewhomadeittothetop.Smoketherightcigaretteordrivetherightcar-sotheadsimply-andthegirlswillbeswooningintoyourdeodorizedarmsorcaressingyourexpensivelapelsHappinessgoestothemanwhohassweetsmellofachievement.Heisournationalidol,andeverybodyelseisournationalfink.然而在美国,持有这种观点差不多就是背叛。中途退学的孩子们被指称为失败者—失败的权利是美国政府没有赋予国民的少数几个自由之一。美国之梦是“成功”之梦,凡是我们放眼之处都是一片金光灿烂。宣传广告和电视广告歌颂物质方面的成功,杂志文章赞誉获得此类成功的人。广告暗示你:吸适合你身份的烟、开适合你身份的车,女孩们就会陶醉在你那没有异味的怀抱之中,抚摸你那昂贵的衣领。幸福只青睐那些散发出成功的甜蜜气味的人。他是全体国民的偶像,其他所有人则是国家的蛀虫。4、Iwanttoputinawordforthefink,especiallytheteen-agefink,becauseifwegivehimtimetogetthroughhisfinkdom-ifwereleasehimfromthepressureofattainingcertaingoalsbyacertainage-hehasagoodchanceofbecomingournationalidol,aJeffersonoraThoreau,aBuckminsterFulleroranAdlaiStevenson,amanwithamindofhisown.Weneedmavericksanddissentersanddreamersfarmorethanweneedjuniorvice-presidents,butweparalyzethembyinsistingthateverystepbeastepuptothenextrungoftheladder.Yetinthefluidyearsofyouth,theonlywayforboysandgirlstofindtheirproperroadisoftentotakeahundredsidetrips,pokingoutindifferentdirections,faltering,drawingback,andstartingagain.我想为蛀虫,尤其是10多岁的蛀虫说句话。因为如果我们给他时间去克服平庸,即让他摆脱在某一年龄取得某种成功的压力,他大有机会成为像杰斐逊、梭罗、巴克敏斯特•富勒或者阿德雷•史蒂文生一样的国家偶像,成为一个拥有独立思想的人。我们对特立独行者和持异义者的需求远远大于对年轻副总裁的需求。但我们却坚持认为每一步都应该是通向更高一级阶梯,而这恰恰使他们气馁。在变化无常的年轻时代,年轻人找到适合自己的正确道路的唯一方法就是先走一百次弯路,探索各个方向,蹒跚,后退,然后重新踏上征程。5、“Butwhatifwefail?”theyask,whisperingthedreadfulwordacrosstheGenerationGaptotheirparents,whoarebackhomeattheEstablishmentnursingtheir“middle-classvalues”andcultivatingtheir“goal-orientedsociety.”Theparentswhisperback:“Don’t!”“但是如果我们失败了怎么办呢”?他们问道,小声地把这些可怕的话语传过代沟,送到父母耳中。这些父母是当权派,正在培养他们的“中产阶级价值观”,构建他们的“目标明确的社会”。父母们轻声回答:不能失败!6、Whattheyshouldsayis“Don’tbeafraidtofail!”Failureisn’tfatal.Countlesspeoplehavehadaboutwithitandcomeoutstrongerasaresult.Manyhaveevencomeoutfamous.Historyisstrewnwitheminentdropouts,“loners”whofollowedtheirowntrail,notworryingaboutitsoddtwistsandturnsbecausetheyhadfaithintheirownsenseofdirection.Toreadtheirbiographiesisalwaysexhilarating,notonlybecausetheybeatthesystem,butbecausetheirsystemwasbetterthantheonethattheybeat.他们应该说不要害怕失败!失败并不致命。无数人曾失败过,也因此而变得更加强大。有些甚至成了名人。历史上充满了卓越的中途退出者以及沿着自己的道路前行的“孤独者”。他们不惧怕偶尔的波折,因为他们坚信自己的方向感。阅读他们的传记总是令人振奋,这不仅因为他们打破了旧体制,更因为他们创立的体制要优于他们打破的。7、Luckily,suchrebelsstillturnupoftenenoughtoprovethatindividualism,thoughbadlythreatened,isnotextinct.Muchhasbeenwritten,forinstance,aboutthefitfulscholasticcareerofThomasP.F.Hoving,NewYork’sformerParksCommissionerandnowdirectoroftheleavingschoolsasiftheyweremotels,oftenattherequestofthemanagement.Still,hemusthavelearnedsomethingduringthoseunorthodoxyears,forhedroppedinagainatthetopofhisprofession.幸运的是,类似的叛逆举动时常出现,这足以证明虽然个人主义受到严重威胁,但却没有销声匿迹。例如,人们经常提及托马斯P.F.洪维的独特学术生涯。他是前纽约公园委员,现任大都会艺术博特馆长。洪维是极期限典型的中途退出者。他出入学校好比进出汽车旅馆,当然这主要是应学校管理层的要求。然而在那些接受非正规教育的岁月里,他一定学到了一些东西。因为他以退为进,并且到达了事业的顶峰。8、Hiscaseremindsmeofanotherboyhood-thatofHoldenCaulfieldinJ.D.Salinger’sTheCatcherintheRye,themostpopularliteraryheroofthepostwarperiod.Thereisnothingaccidentalaboutthegripthatthisdropoutcontinuestoholdontheaffectionsofanengagingshamblesofour“goal-orientedsociety,”sogratifiedoursecretbeliefthatthe“phonies”areinpowerandthegoodguysupthecreek.WhetherHoldenhasalsoreachedthetopofhischosenfieldtodayisoneofthosespeculationsthatdelightfanciersofgoodfiction.Ispeculatethathehas.HoldenCaulfield,incidentally,isnowthirty-six.他的事迹让我想起了J.D塞林格《麦田守望者》中何顿•考尔菲德的少年时代。考尔菲曾是战后最受欢迎的文学英雄形象。这个中途退出者受到整整一代美国人的青睐绝非偶然。其他任保人,不管是真实存在的还是杜撰的,都没有给我们这个“目标明确的社会”造成如此迷人的混乱,也不曾如此满足我们某种隐蔽的思想,即“假冒者”当权,有能力者处于困境。现在何顿是否到达他所选择领域的巅峰就成了一个绝佳的幻想题材,许多好小说的追捧者都对此感兴趣。我想他已到达事业之巅。顺便提一句,何顿•考尔菲德现年36岁。9、I’mnoturgingeveryonetogooutandfailjustforthesheertherapyofit,ortoquitcollegejusttoclddlesomevaguediscontent.Obviouslyit’sbettertosucceedthantoflop,andingeneralalongeducationismorehelpfulthanashorterone.(Thankstomyowneducation,forexample,IcantellGeorgeEliotfromT.S.Eliot,IcanhandlethepluperfecttenseinFrench,andIknowthatCaesarbeattheHelvetiibecausehehadenoughfrumentum.)Ionlymeanthatfailureisn’tbadinitself,orsuccessautomaticallygood.我并不是要敦促大家由于失败具有疗效而去选择失败,或者仅仅因为一点不满就退学。很明显,成功优于失败。一般来说,接受长期教育要比短期
本文标题:The-Right-to-Fail
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