党章中党的性质表述的变化及启示

摘要党章是党的根本大法。党的性质是马克思主义党建学说首要的根本的问题，是区别于其他政党的标志，也是党章中的重要内容之一。对党的性质认识程度的高或低，随着形势的变化会出现对或错的判断，这些都直接会反映到党章中来。对党章中党的性质的认识，反映了党的建设学说的发展状况，也反映了党的革命、建设、改革事业的发展进程。中国共产党从1921年7月诞生之日起至今，历经了艰难困苦地革命、艰辛曲折地探索、披荆斩棘地改革，先后制定了16部党章。党随着形势和任务的变化，随着实践经验不断地丰富和自身理论不断地提高，党章的内容随之得到不断地修改和完善，党章中党的性质的表述也因此在理论上不断地发展、认识上不断地深化。从无产阶级的先进性到无产阶级的急先锋；从代表人民的利益到成为阶级斗争的工具；从一个先锋队、一个核心到“两个先锋队”、“三个代表”重要思想的崭新概括。其间，既有丰富理论和实践经验上的科学总结，也有因理论和认识上的失误而导致的迂回曲折。党章中党的性质表述的变化昭示着党由弱小到壮大，由幼稚到成熟。党的实践经验证明，党章中党的性质表述的变化关系到党自身的巩固和发展，关系到党的革命、建设、改革事业的兴衰成败。因此，党的事业成败的关键在于能否坚持党章中科学表述的党的性质。而坚持党章中表述的党的性质，必须科学全面地认识党的性质；必须坚持马克思主义与中国国情相结合；必须与时俱进、不断创新；必须不断地加强党的自身建设；必须坚持阶级基础与群众基础的统一。只有做到这些，才能永葆党的生命力，才能继续推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业的顺利发展。关键词：党章，党的性质，变化，启示ABSTRACTThepartyconstitutionisthefundamentallawoftheParty.ThenatureofthepartynotonlyisthefirstandfundamentalproblemoftheMarxismtheoryonpartybuilding,butalsoasymbolthatdistinguishesthePartyfromotherpartiesandanimportantpartofthepartyconstitution.Withthechangeofsituation,theawarenessofthenatureoftheparty,whetherhighorlow,rightorwrong,willbedirectlyreflectedinthepartyconstitution.Theawarenessofthenatureofthepartyinthepartyconstitutionreflectsnotonlythedevelopmentofthepartybuildingtheoryandbutalsothedevelopmentprocessoftherevolution,constructionandreformoftheparty.EvensinceitsbirthinJuly,1921,theCPChasgonethroughtoughrevolution,zigzagexplorationandreformationbyovercomingalltheobstacles,duringwhichithassuccessivelyformulated16partyconstitutions.Withthechangeofsituationandthetasksandtheaccumulationofthepracticalexperienceandtheimprovementoftheoreticalpreparation,thecontentofthepartyconstitutionhasalsoundergoneconstantimprovementandperfection.Theformulationofthenatureofthepartyinthepartyconstitutionhasalsogonethroughconstanttheoreticaldevelopmentanddeeperrecognition,suchasitsdevelopmentfromtheadvancementoftheproletariattothedaringvanguardoftheparty,fromrepresentativesoftheinterestofpeopletothetoolofclassstruggle,fromavanguard,acoretotwovanguards,theimportantthoughtsofthreerepresents.Duringthisprocess,thereisnotonlyscientificsummaryofthetheoreticalandpracticalexperienceofthepartybutalsothetwistsandturnsbecauseofthemistakesintheoryandunderstanding.Thechangesoftheformulationofthenatureofthepartyinthepartyconstitutiondeclarepubliclythedevelopmentofthepartyfromweaktostrongandfromnaïvetomature.Thepracticalexperienceofthepartyprovesthattheformulationofthenatureofthepartyinthepartyconstitutionnotonlyrelatestotheconsolidationanddevelopmentofthepartybutalsotheprosperityordeclineoftherevolution,constructionandreformcourseoftheparty.Therefore,thesuccessorfailureofthecauseofthepartyistoalargeextentdeterminedbythescientificformulationofthenatureofthepartyinthepartyconstitution.Theadherencetotheformulationofthenatureofthepartyinthepartyconstitutionrequiresathoroughandscientificunderstandingofthenatureoftheparty,theintegrationoftheMarxismandChina’sactualcondition,advancementwiththetimesandconstantinnovation.Atthemeantime,thePartymuststrengthenitsownconstructionandstickstotheunityofclassfoundationandmassbase.OnlyinthiswaycanthePartykeepitsvitalityandcontinuetopushforwardthesmoothdevelopmentofthegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.KEYWORDS:thepartyconstitution,theparty'snature,Change,Enlightenment目录摘要ABSTRACT导言............................................................................................................................................1（一）研究对象、意义........................................................................................................1（二）研究现状....................................................................................................................2一、党章与党的性质................................................................................................................3（一）党章............................................................................................................................3（二）党的性质....................................................................................................................4（三）党章与党的性质........................................................................................................5二、党章中党的性质表述变化的历程....................................................................................7（一）民主革命时期党章中党的性质表述的变化............................................................71．一大“中国共产党”的命名是对党的性质的科学表达...........................................72．二大到六大党章中党的性质表述的缺失...................................................................93．七大党章中党的性质的科学总结.............................................................................13（二）社会主义建设时期党章中党的性质表述的变化..................................................181．八大党章中党的性质的科学继承.............................................................................182．九大到十一大党章中关于党的性质的歪曲表达.....................................................20（三）改革开放以来党章中党的性质表述的变化..........................................................241．十二大到十五大党章中党的性质的全面科学总结.................................................242．十六到十七大党章中党的性质的崭新概括......................................................