初中英语宾语从句讲与练

初中英语宾语从句讲与练宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。宾语从句三要素：连词、语序、时态。一、连词1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Ithink(that)havingenoughsleepisgoodforyou.Iamsure(that)ourteamwillwinthematch.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how，howmany,howlong等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Hedidn’ttellmewhenhewouldcomeback.IamthinkingabouthowIcandealwiththematter.Doyouknowwhosebikeisthenewest?Canyoutellmewho(whom)ourteacherintakingwith?withwhomourteacheristalking?3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Couldyoutellmeif(whether)therewillbeacharityshowthisweekend？Heaskedif(whether)theyhadfinishedtheirwork.*只用whether，不能用if的情况：1）whether可直接跟ornot，if不能。如果分开，则都可以。Whether/if…ornot如：Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.Letmeknowwhether/ifyoucancomeornot.2）宾语从句前置时。如：Whetherthisistrue,Ican’tsay.3）引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.（主语从句）Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.（表语从句）Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.（同位语从句）4）从句在介词之后作介词的宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheywillgooutforapicnic.Ihaven'tcomeupwiththeideaofwhetherI'llgobackhome.5）whether可接动词不定式，if不能。如：Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.DoyouknowwhethertogohikingthisSaturday?6）在discuss,decide,doubt等动词后作宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgotherebyplane.5）引导让步状语地，一般用whether。例如：Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.Whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.6）如果用if会引起歧义时，就只用whetherPleasetellmewhetheryouknowtheanswer.注意：1）在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。如：HeaskedmeifIhadn'tfinishedmywork.2）当doubt是肯定形式时，用whether，如：Idoubtwhetherit’strue.Ioftendoubtwhether/ifitisworthworkingsohard.但是，当doubt是否定形式时，则不用whether或if，要改用that，因为句子本身已没有“怀疑”或“选择”之意。比较：Idon’tdoubtthatyouarehonest.我不怀疑你的诚实。Sheneverdoubtthatshehasdoneright.她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑。二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Iwonderifsheisgoingtoabirthdayparty.Doyouknowwhosemodelplaneisflyingthehighest?三、宾语从句的时态1．如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：Ibelieve(that)youwillgetahighmarkinthemathsexam.CanyoutellmewhenyouvisitedtheGreatWall?2．如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.Shedidn’ttellmeifshewouldjoininthecharitywalk.3．如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理(事实)，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Ourteachersaid(that)Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Hesaid(that)lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.宾语从句练习题一、选择。()1.Iwonder________youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether()2.Idon'tknow_________thenextday.A.whendoeshecomeB.howdidhecomeC.ifhecameD.whetherhe'llcome()3.Doyouknow________duringthecomingholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid()4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended()6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive()7.Heaskedhowlong_________thecomputer.A.shehashadB.shehasboughtC.shehadhadD.shehadbought()8.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_________aroundthesun.A.goB.goesC.wentD.gone()9.Doyouknowif_____backnextweek?Ifhe_____back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome()10.Idon'tknow______hewillcometomorrow.______hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If()11.Shedoesn’tknow_________togoorstay.A.ifB.whetherC.whatD.that()12Tellme_________ornotyou’dliketoplayfootball.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when()13.Theteachertoldusthatlight________muchfasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.wouldtravelD.hadtraveled()14.I’mworriedabout______theywillarriveontime.A.whenB.whatC.ifD.whether()15.I’llneverdoubt_________ourlifewillbecomebetterandbetter.A.whetherB.ifC.howD.why二、改写句子1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（合并句子）→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（合并句子）Heaskedme______thegirl_______________help.3.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（合并句子）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.4.Wheredidyoufindthebook?Couldyoutellme?(合并句子)Couldyoutellme___________________________thebook?5.WhohasleftforHaikou?Nobodyknew.(合并句子)Nobodyknew____________________________________Haikou.6.“Keepthedooropen.”Hesaidtome.(合并句子)He__________________________thedooropen.7.“Don’tplaywithfire.”Isaidtohim.(合并句子)I_________________________withfire.8.Canyoutellme?whowillyougowith?(合并句子)Canyoutellme__________________________________with?9.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.（变为简单句）Idon’tknow___________________next.10.Wedon’tknowiftheproblemhasbeensolved.（改为被动语态）_______________________________________________________________三、翻译：1.Iwanttoknow____________________________________.（他在听什么音乐）2.Couldyoutellme________________________________（这工作能否按时完成）?3.Iwonder_______________________________（是否你会介意我们问）afewquestions?4.Hewantstoknow_____________________________(运动会将什么时候举办)。5.Canyoutellme_______________________________(我如何能到达最近的医院)?6.Hedidn'tknow________________________________________(接下来该做什么)