初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习及答案

1现在完成时【现在完成时】A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。【常用时间状语】recently,lately,since+时间点,for+数字+时间名词,inthepastfewmonths/years等【构成】肯定形式：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done一般疑问句：have或has放于句首B.现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。eg.Thecarhasarrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）区别：havebeento,havegoneto,havebeeninhavebeento,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了havegoneto表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中havebeenin指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在例如：你以前去过北京么？例如：A:IsMr.Wangathome?B:No,heisnotin,（他去香港了）2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或sofar，now，today，thisweek(month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。eg.HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.HehasstudiedEnglishsince2001.NowIhavefinishedthework.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→beherebegin(start)→beondie→bedeadcomeback→bebackleave→beawayfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)getup→beupgoout→beoutfinish→beoverputon→wear或beonopen→beopenjoin→bein或beamemberof…close→beclosedgotoschool→beastudentborrow→keepbuy→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)gettoknow→knowbegintostudy→studycometowork→work2例题（）1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway（）2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin（）3.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened（）4.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome（）5.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft（）6.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover（）7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught（）8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became（）9.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned（）10.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead（）11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept（）12.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad（）13.---Howlong_____you_____ill?---Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been（）14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom（）15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take练习[单项选择]（）1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow（）2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still（）3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago（）4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.3A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten（）5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better（）6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying（）7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew（）8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see（）9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone（）10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish（）11、Hisfather______theclubsince1988.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin（）12、—Doyouknowherwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade（）13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Aboutsevenyears.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived（）14、Hurryup!Theprogram__________forfiveminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began（）15、It_____tenyearssincehecameChengdu.A.isB.hasC.willD.was（）16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen（）17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen（）18、He________for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup（）19、Tomisillinhospital.He______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad（）20、Hisgrandparents______formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversit1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.4Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、-Ourcountry______alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;goodＣ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;studyＣ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、-ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.-Really?When_____there?Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygoＣ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone10、-______you___yourhomeworkyet-Yes.I_____itamomentago.Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finishedＣ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish511、Hisfather______thePartysin