中小学校长非权力性影响力的理论分析和实践探讨

中小学校长非权力性影响力的理论分析和实践探讨-1-中小学校长非权力性影响力的理论分析和实践探讨吴昊摘要：中小学校长在行使自己的职权时，其自身的品德、观念、学识、风度、声望、心理品质、礼仪修炼等会自然形成一种影响力，本文从影响力的理论出发，采取问卷调查和个案访谈的方法，进一步论述了校长非权力影响力的构成要素、形成阶段及主要作用，提出了提高中小学校长非权力性影响力的对策探讨和注意事项。非权力性影响力又叫个人影响力，或称自然影响力，这种影响力是一种与外在权力（职位权力）截然不同的内在权力，它不以社会法律、组织为基础，无须外界授予，而是由其自身的特征和客观因素形成，中小学校长的非权力影响力主要体现在校长的教育思想、人格、知识才能和情感等方面，其中人格是关键性的因素。它须经历取信、亲近、认同三个阶段，表现为产生威信，树立榜样与感染导引三大作用。每位校长往往都具有一定的非权力性影响力，只是不同的校长其非权力性影响力的强度、覆盖范围不同而已。所有优秀的校长在管理学校的过程中都充分发挥了自己的非权力性影响力，这也是他们成功的秘决。中小学校长非权力影响力是一个复杂和崭新的课题，它有待于我们对其进行更深入系统的实践和研究，本文作为引玉之砖，希望更多的专家与同行参与讨论。关键词：中小学校长；影响力；非权力性影响力；人格；中小学校长非权力性影响力的理论分析和实践探讨-2-Elementaryandmiddleschoolsprincipalnon-authorityinfluencetheoreticalanalysisandpracticediscussionAbstract:Elementaryandmiddleschoolsprincipalwhenexercisesownauthority,ownpersonalcharacter,theidea,theknowledge,thedemeanor,theprestige,thepsychologicalquality,theetiquettepracticeandsoonmeetthenaturetoformonekindofinfluence,thisarticleembarksfromtheinfluencetheory,adoptsthequestionnairesurveyandthedocumentinterviewmethod,furtherelaboratedprincipalthenon-authorityinfluenceintegrantpart,hasformedthestageandthemainfunction,proposedenhancedelementaryandmiddleschoolsprincipalsthenon-authorityinfluencethecountermeasurediscussionandthemattersneedingattention.Thenon-authorityinfluenceiscalledindividualinfluence,orcalledthenaturalinfluence,thiskindofinfluenceisonekindwiththeexternalauthority(positionauthority)theentirelydifferentintrinsicauthority,ittakethesociallaw,theorganizationasthefoundation,doesnotneedtheoutsidetoaward,butisbyitsowncharacteristicandtheobjectivefactorformation,theelementaryandmiddleschoolsprincipal'snon-authorityinfluencemainlymanifestsinprincipal'seducationthought,thepersonality,theknowledgecanwithaspectandsoonemotion,personalityisthecrucialfactor.Itmustexperiencewinsothers'trust,isintimatewith,approvesthreestages,displaysforhastheprestige,setsuptheexampleandtheinfectionguidesthreemajorfunctions.Eachprincipaloftenallhasthecertainnon-authorityinfluence,onlyisdifferentprincipalitsnon-authorityinfluenceintensity,thecoverscopeisdifferent.Alloutstandingprincipalsinmanagedtheschoolintheprocessallfullytodisplayownnon-authorityinfluence,thisalsowasthePeruwhichtheysucceededdefinitely.Elementaryandmiddleschoolsprincipalthenon-authorityinfluenceiscomplexandthebrand-newtopic,itwaitsforinuscarriesonamorethoroughsystemtoitthepracticeandtheresearch,thisarticletakesthebait,hopedmoreexpertsandthecolleagueparticipateinthediscussion.Keyword:Principal；Influencepower；Non-authoritativeinfluencepower；Personality；中小学校长非权力性影响力的理论分析和实践探讨-3-目录第一章引言...........................................................................................................11.1问题的提出....................................................................................................11.2文献综述........................................................................................................21.2.1传统素质理论.............................................................................................21.2.2现代素质理论.............................................................................................31.2.3利克特的领导系统图.................................................................................31.3有关概念界定................................................................................................31.3.1影响力的含义.............................................................................................31.3.2非权力性影响力的含义.............................................................................41.3.3权力性影响力的含义.................................................................................41.3.4人格的含义.................................................................................................41.4研究方法........................................................................................................4第二章影响力概述.............................................................................................52.1影响力的作用.................................................................................................52.2权力性影响力及其特征.................................................................................62.2.1强制性..........................................................................................................62.2.2赋予性..........................................................................................................62.2.3范围性..........................................................................................................62.2.4无差异性......................................................................................................62.3非权力性影响力及其特征.............................................................................72.3.1自然性..........................................................................................................72.3.2差异性..........................................................................................................72.3.3神秘性..........................................................................................................