C6150车床主轴的加工(数控)工艺规程设计

毕业设计设计题目：C6150车床主轴的加工（数控）工艺规程设计及设备的选择系别：_________________________班级：_________________________姓名：_________________________指导教师：_________________________2013年6月8日郑文玉穆玉凯机制331002计算机信息系C6150车床主轴的加工（数控）工艺规程设计摘要数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造的渗透形成的机电一体化产品选这个题目的目的是它能体现出我对所学知识的掌握程度和灵活规范的运用所学知识，在我认为要成为一名合格的大学生，以自己的的思路用所学的知识来完成一份成功的毕业设计是必不可少的。此次的毕业设计主要解决的问题是零件的装夹、刀具的对刀、工艺路线的制订、工序与工步的划分、刀具的选择、切削用量的确定、车削加工程序的编写、机床的熟练操作。主要困难的是装夹中的水平Z向长度难以保证、切削用量的参数设定、对刀的精度、工艺路线的制订。运用数控原理、数控工艺、数控编程、专业软件等专业知识和数控机床实际操作的一次综合练习，能让我感触当代科学的前沿，体验数控魅力，为人们的生活带来方便，进一步认识数控技术，熟练数控机床的操作，掌握数控，开发数控内在本文是基于机械配件在数控车床上的数控编程及工艺的设计。数控加工工艺的分析、工艺路线的设计、程序的编制、刀具的选择及刀具参数的确定是以数控车床为平台，根据加工工艺的具体分析确定了整体思路并且完成工艺的制定。从而完成本次毕业设计，本文通过综合运用三年来学过的知识对一个零件的加工进行了设计。本文内容包括以下几个部分：加工工艺的设计、定位基准选择、刀具参数选择、程序的编制。关键词机械制造车床主轴数控加工机械工艺设计定位基准程序编制刀具参数加工工艺目录摘要······················································I第1章绪论···············································11.1课题背景···········································1第二章设计任务书··········································3第三章C6150型车床主轴的加工工艺规程··················53.1零件图的分析··········································53.1.1零件的结构工艺性分析······························63.1.2基本尺寸分析······································63.1.3表面精度分析······································73.1.4形位公差分析······································73.2毛坯的选定···········································73.2.1轴类零件的工作条件·······························73.2.2轴类零件的失效方式·······························83.2.3轴类零件的性能要求·······························83.2.4轴类零件材料及选材方法····························93.2.5C6150型车床主轴的毛坯选择·························93.3零件的加工工艺分析··································103.3.1工艺分析·········································103.3.2加工方法和加工阶段划分··························103.3.3工序顺序的安排···································103.3.4C6150车床主轴工艺过程····························113.4设备选择·············································123.4.1根据零件的结构特点选择机床的类型·················123.4.2根据零件的外形尺寸选择机床的规格·················123.4.3根据零件加工精度及表面粗糙度选择机床的精度等级···123.5零件定位基准及装夹方式的确定·····························133.5.1定位基准的选择···································133.5.2夹具的选择·······································133.5.3定位元件的选用···································143.5.4C6150主轴的定位基准和装夹方式的确定·············143.6选择刀具及对刀············································153.6.1刀具的分类·······································153.6.2刀具的选择及切削参数的选择························163.6.3确定对刀方式······································173.6.4选择合理的对刀点及换刀点··························183.7制定合理的数控车削加工方案·································193.7.1数控车削加工顺序的安排···························193.7.2数控车削加工工序卡片······························203.8切削用量的选择·············································203.8.1合理选择切削用量的原则····························203.8.2选择切削用量······································203.8.3切削用量的计算····································213.9加工程序··············································233.9.1大端外圆粗车程序·······························233.9.2小端外圆粗车程序·······························243.9.3小端锥孔粗车程序·······························243.9.4小端锥孔半精车程序·····························253.9.5大端锥孔粗车程序·······························253.9.6大端外圆半精车程序·····························263.9.7小端外圆粗车程序·······························273.9.8螺纹车削程序···································28第四章设计小结······································30第五章参考文献·········································31谢辞·····················································32附录1····················································32附录2····················································33附录3····················································33附录4····················································34作者简介·······························································36唐山学院毕业设计（论文）1第1章绪论1.1课题背景数控机床是机电一体化最典型的产品，利用数字化控制机械加工过程，不仅可提高产品的质量和生产率，同时也可以降低劳动强度。数控技术发展迅猛，数控机床应用越来越普及，国家将数控人才列为目前四大紧缺人才之一，学习和掌握数控加工技术已成为一种新的趋势。数控既是数字控制。数控技术即NC技术，是指用数字化信息发出指令并实现自动化控制的技术。计算机数控是指计算机实现部分或全部的数控功能。采用数控技术的自动控制系统为数控系统，采用计算机数控技术的自动控制系统为计算机数控系统，其被控制的对象是机床，则称为数控机床。如今，数控机床已经在机械加工行业中占据了非常重要的地位，其应用领域逐步扩大到汽车、轮船、机床等机械制造行业。数控机床的自动化程度高，并具有数据通信功能，它可以与计算机辅助设计CAD、自动检验CAT及生产管理等进行联网，组成生产过程自动化的现代制造生产系统。目前，世界先进制造技术不断兴起，超高速切削、超精密加工技术的应用，柔性制造系统的迅速发展和个人计算机集成系统的不断成熟，对数控加工技术提出了更高的要求，如今数控机床朝着以下几个发面发展：（１）高速化速度和精度是数控机床的两个重要指标，它直接关系到效率和产品的质量。高速切削可以减少切削深度，有利于克服机床振动、降低传入零件的热量及减少热变形，从而提高加工精度，改善加工表面质量。新一代高速数控机床的车削和铣削的切削速度已达到5000-8000m/mim以上，主轴转速在30000r/min以上，数控机床能在极短时间内实现升速和降速，以保持很高的定位精度。（２）高精度化数控系统带有高精度的位置检测装置，并通过在线自动补偿技术来消除或减少热变形、力变形和刀具磨损的影响，使加工一致性的精度得到保证，进一步提高了定位精度。随着现代科学技术的发展，对超精密加工技术不断提高新的要求，新材料、新零件的出现以及更高精度要求的提出都需要超精密加工工艺，发展新型超精密加工机床，完善现代超精密加工技术，是适应现代科技必由之路。（３）多功能化数控机床的发展已经模糊了粗、精加工工序的概念，加工中心的出现打破了传统的工序界限和分开加工的工艺规程。配有自动换刀机构的各类加工中心，能在一台机床上同时实现铣削、镗削、钻削、车削、铰孔、扩孔等多种工序的加工。现代数控机床还采用了多主轴、多面体切削，即同时对一个零件的不同部位进行不同方式的切削加工，；减少了在不同机床上的转换而引起的时间浪费。（４）智能化唐山学院毕业设计（论文）2随着人工智能在计算机领域中的应用，数控系统引入了自适应控制、模糊系统和神经网络的控制机理、使新一代数控系统具有自动编程、模糊控制、学习控制自适应控制等功能，而且人机界面极为友好，并具有故障诊断专家系统，使自诊断和故障监控功能更加完善。（５）高柔性化数控机床在提高单机柔性化的同时，正朝着单元柔性化和系统柔性化方向发展。柔性制造系统是一种在批量生产下，高柔性和高自动化程度的制造系统它综合了高效、高质量及高柔性的特点，解决了长期以来中小批量、多品种产品自动化生产的技术难题。（６）可靠性最