Themeparks-LearningaboutLanguage同步学案

1PeriodTwoLearningaboutLanguage构词法在英语中，构词法主要有三种：合成，转化和派生。一、合成(compounding)由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符号“­”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成：1．合成名词构成方式例词名词＋名词salesgirl女售货员chairman主席名词＋动词daybreak黎明sunset日落名词＋动名词handwriting书法名词＋及物动词＋er/orpainkiller止痛药bookseller书商名词＋介词＋名词editor­in­chief总编辑father­in­law岳父；公公动词＋名词typewriter打字机代词＋名词she­tiger母老虎动名词＋名词swimmingpool游泳池现在分词＋名词flyingfish飞鱼形容词＋名词greenhouse温室副词＋动词outbreak爆发outcome后果output出口副词＋名词outside外面2．合成形容词名词＋形容词snow­white雪白的名词＋现在分词Chinese­speaking讲汉语的man­eating吃人的名词＋to＋名词door­to­door挨家挨户的face­to­face面对面的名词＋过去分词snow­covered被雪覆盖的数词＋名词one­way单行的five­star五星级的数词＋名词＋­edthree­legged三条腿的10­storeyed/10­storied十层(楼)的数词＋名词单数＋形容词two­year­old两岁的动词＋副词see­through透明的形容词＋名词superman超人形容词＋名词＋­edkind­hearted善良的；仁慈的形容词＋形容词lightblue浅蓝色的darkblue深蓝色的形容词＋现在分词ordinary­looking相貌平平的副词＋形容词evergreen常青的easy­going易相处的副词＋现在分词hard­working勤劳的副词＋过去分词well­known著名的副词＋名词fastfood2专门提供快餐服务的介词＋名词downtown城市商业区的3．合成动词名词＋动词sleepwalk梦游形容词＋动词whitewash石灰水，白涂料副词＋动词overburden使负担过重overcome克服4．合成副词形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地anyway无论如何形容词＋副词anywhere无论何处anyhow无论如何副词＋副词however尽管如此介词＋名词overhead在头顶上介词＋副词forever永远5．合成代词代词宾格＋self/selveshimself/themselves形容词性物主代词＋self/selvesmyself/ourselves形容词＋名词nothing没有东西6．合成介词副词＋名词outside在……外面介词＋副词without没有within在……之内副词＋介词into进入二、转化(conversion)将一个单词由某种词类转化为另一词类或几种词类，这种构词法叫转化。单词转化后的意义往往与未转化前的意义有密切的联系。1．名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话→→打电话drink喝→饮料watch手表→观看，注视rain雨→下雨另外，还有book，date，hand，fish，milk，name，nurse，ship，swim，water等。2．形容词转化为动词slow慢→减速better较好的→改善close紧密的→关闭perfect完美的→使完善3．名词转化为形容词/副词downtown市中心，城镇商业中心→位于闹市区的(adj.)；向(在)城镇商业中心区(adv.)4．形容词转化为名词chief主要的→首领light轻的→光线5．动词转化为名词takeawalk散步haveatry试试covern．盖子，封面；v.覆盖6．其他词类转化为名词Medicineisamustforthefloodedarea.必需品Hislifeisfullofups_and_downs.曲折，波折三、派生(derivation)3由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1．前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词性，而不引起词义的变化。(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis­，il­，im­，in­，ir­，mis­，non­，un­等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现→disappear消失cover盖→uncover揭去覆盖物/discover揭露correct正确的→incorrect不正确的proper恰当的→improper不恰当的lead带领→mislead领错understand理解→misunderstand误解(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a­(多构成表语形容词)，anti­(反对；抵抗)，auto­(自动)，co­(共同)，en­(使)，inter­(互相)，re­(再；又)，sub­(下面的；次；小)，tele­(强调距离)等。alone单独的anti­gas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作enlarge扩大international国际的rewrite改写，重写subway地铁television电视multicultural多文化的2．后缀­ableaccept接受acceptable可接受的­alarrive到达arrival到达­erswim游泳swimmer游泳者­oract表演actor(男)演员­ressact表演actress(女)演员­istchemistry化学chemist化学家art艺术artist艺术家­ianRussia俄国，俄罗斯Russian俄国人，俄罗斯人­ismcapital资本capitalism资本主义ideal理想idealism理想主义­mentmove运动，移动movement运动­nesshappy高兴的happiness高兴­tion/act行动action动作­ationpronounce发音pronunciation发音­shipscholar学者scholarship学者身份；奖学金­ceimportant重要的importance重要性Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Ourteamwonthechampionshipinthebasketballtournaments(联赛)．2．Thegardencityattractsmanytourists.3．TheschoolathleticmeetingistobeheldnextTuesday.4．Wesoonsawtheimpossibility(不可能)ofreachingthecitybeforemidnight.5．Theyweretheearliestsettlers(定居者)inAmerica.6．Thetownwasdestroyedbytheearthquake(地震)．7．You’dbetterspendyourtimeonsomeworthwhile(值得的)reading.8．Theyprepared(准备)themselvesfortheworst.49．Hisroomwasindisorder(混乱)．10．Youmustn’toverwork(工作过度)yourself.Ⅱ.用括号中单词的适当形式填空1．Theyhavesucceededinsendingthesatelliteintospace.(success)2．Theadventurer(冒险者)gaveafriendlysmiletoallthosewhocametogreethim.(friend)3．Youmustdotheexercisescarefully.(care)4．Itwillbedifficulttodriveamotorcarthroughsuchastorm.(difficulty)5．Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.(wide)6．Theboyshowedgreatbraveryinfightingtheenemy.(brave)7．Hewassokindthathegavememanystorybooks.(kindness)8．ThebookhadbeensoldoutwhenIgottothebookstore.(sale)9．TheFrenchmanwenttoachemistshoptogetsomemedicineforhiscough.(chemical)10．Thebookisveryinteresting.Iaminterestedinit.(interest)Ⅲ.完成句子1．Two_Englishmen_and_three_Germans(两个英国人和三个德国人)attendedthemeeting.2．InBritainletter_boxes(信箱)areallpaintedred.3．Hefoundalotofpassers­by(过路人)weregrown­ups(成年人)．4．Sheistheonlyoneamongwomen_writers(女作家中)whowrites(写)storiesforchildren.5．Mysisterhastwotoothbrushes(牙刷)．6．Wehavetwoiron_works(铁厂)inourtownandanewchemical_works(化工厂)istoopensoon.7．Shebrokeawine_glass(酒杯)whilewashingup.8．Two­ninths(29)ofthestudentsinourclassarefromthenorth.9．Ihavetowriteatwo­thousand­word_composition(2000字的作文)everyotherweek.10．Themanistheonlysurvivor(幸存者)ofthecaraccident.Ⅳ.根据构词法，猜测下列各题中划线单词的最佳含义1．Hehasinventedasun­poweredcarwhichisveryfriendlytotheenvironment.A．以太阳能为动力的B．白天开的C．明亮的D．像太阳的答案A2．Ihaverentedahouseinthecitycenter，andmylandladyisverykindtome.A．姑娘B．妻子C．女上司D．女房东答案D3．Sheisaveryshort­sightedgirlandshecan’tconsidertheinterestofthefutureatall.A．近视眼的B．目光短浅的C．睫毛短的D．小眼睛的答案B4．Thisdictionaryisofgreatuse.Ithinkspendingfiveyuanonitisverycost­effective.A．明智的B．聪明的C．划算的D．合理的答案C5．Don’tdoituntilthelastmoment.Youshoulddoitbeforehand.A．以前B．用左手C．用右手D．事先答案D6．Perhapsshecan’tbeadmittedintoamedicaluniversitybecausesheiscolor­blind.A．色盲的B．瞎的C．色弱的D．成绩差的答案A7．Ifyouarestillhavingaheadache，takethis_painkiller.A．杀虫剂B．止痛药C．安眠药D．晕车药答案B8．Asweallknow，mostglassisusuallysee­through.A．看得见的B．明亮的C．光明的D．透明的5答案D9．Thisisanevergreentree.Ilikeitverymuch.A．绿的B．曾经绿的C．常青的D．漂