“翻译学导论”期末考试题型及课程复习提纲

1“翻译学导论”期末考试题型及课程复习提纲考试题型：I.Matchthefollowingtranslationtheoristswiththeirrepresentativeworks.[10points,1pointeach]II.Interpretthefollowingterms.[20points,5pointseach]III.Interpretthefollowingconcepts.[40points,20pointseach]IV.Analyzeandcommentonthefollowingtranslatedversion(s)byapplyinganytranslationtheoryyouarefamiliarwith.[30points]复习提纲一、作者和代表作的搭配1.RomanJakobsonOnLinguisticAspectsofTranslation(1959)2.E.A.NidaTowardaScienceofTranslating(1964)3.E.A.Nida&TaberTheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation(1969)4.JamesHolmesTheNameandNatureofTranslationStudies(1972)5.GeorgeSteinerAfterBabel(1975)6.SusanBassnettTranslationStudies(1980)7.PeterNewmarkApproachestoTranslation(1981)8.WolframWilssTheScienceofTranslation(1982)9.TheoHermansTheManipulationofLiterature(1985)10.PeterNewmarkATextbookofTranslation(1988)11.MarySnell-HornbyTranslationStudies:AnIntegratedApproach(1988）12.ChristianeNordTextAnalysisinTranslation(1989)13.SusanBassnett&AndréLefevereTranslation,HistoryandCulture(1990)14.AndreLefevereTranslation,Rewriting,andtheManipulationofLiteraryFame(1992)15.EdwinGentzlerContemporaryTranslationTheories(1993)16.GideonTouryDescriptiveTranslationStudies(1995)17.LawrenceVenutiTheTranslator’sInvisibility(1995/2008)18.ChristianeNordTranslatingasaPurposefulActivity(1997)19.LuiseVonFlotowTranslationandGender(1997)20.MariaTymoczkoTranslationinaPostcolonialContext(1999)二、解释以下术语1.word-for-word/literaltranslationandsense-for-sense/freetranslation2.metaphrase,paraphrase,imitation3.Formalequivalenceanddynamic/functionalequivlence4.SemanticTranslationandCommunicativeTranslation5.documentarytranslationandinstrumentaltranslation6.translationalaction27.skopotheory8.polysystemtheory9.norms10.equivalence11.foreignizationanddomestication12.translation/translating13.PrescriptiveTranslationStudiesandDescriptiveTranslationStudies三、理解以下观点1.Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(Nida&Taber,TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation,1969:12)2.翻译（translating）即解释，具体地说，翻译的过程就是，在跨文化的历史语境中，具有历史性的译者使自己的视域与源语文本视域互相发生融合而形成新视域，并用浸润着目的语文化的语言符号将新视域重新固定下来形成新文本的过程。（朱健平，2003;2007）(Translatingisinterpreting.Morespecifically,translatingistheprocessinwhichthetranslatorwithhishistoryfuseshishorizonwiththatofthesourcetextinanacross-culturalhistoricalcontextandformsanewhorizon,andthenheconstructsanewtext,namely,thetargettext,byusingthenewlyacquiredhorizoninthetargetlanguagesoakedwiththetargetculture.)3.AndIdidnottranslatethemasaninterpreter,butasanorator,keepingthesameideasandforms,orasonemightsay,the‘figures’ofthought,butinlanguagewhichconformstoourusage.Andinsodoing,Ididnotholditnecessarytorenderwordforword,butIpreservedthegeneralstyleandforceofthelanguage.(Cicero,46BC/1960:364)4.TranslationisjustliketheTLtakingoverthesenseoftheST.TranslationisliketheoriginaltextbeingmarchedintotheTLlikeaprisonerbyitsconqueror.(Jerome,qtd.inRobinson,1997:26)5.Youmustaskthemotherathome,thechildreninthestreet,theordinarymaninthemarketandlookattheirmouths,howtheyspeak,andtranslatethatway;thenthey’llunderstandandseethatyou’respeakingtotheminGerman.(MartinLuther1530)6.Drydenreducesalltranslationtothreecategories:1)metaphrase:‘wordbywordandlinebyline’translation,whichcorrespondstoliteraltranslation.2)paraphrase:‘translationwithlatitude,wheretheauthoriskeptinviewbythetranslator,soasnevertobelost,buthiswordsarenotsostrictlyfollowedashissense’.Thisinvolveschangingwholephrasesandmoreorlesscorrespondstofaithfulorsense-for-sensetranslation.3)imitation:‘Forsaking’bothwordsandsense.ThiscorrespondstoCowley’sveryfreetranslationandismoreorlessadaptation.(Dryden,1680/1992:17)37.Drydendismissedthe‘servile,literal’translationwithasimile:‘’Tismuchlikedancingonropeswithfetteredlegs–afoolishtask.’(Dryden,1680/1992:18)8.Drydenchangedtoapointbetweenparaphraseandliteraltranslationin1697.Ithoughtfittosteerbetwixtthetwoextremesofparaphraseandliteraltranslation:tokeepasnearmyauthorasIcould,withoutlosingallhisgraces,themosteminentofwhichareinthebeautyofhiswords.Imaypresumetosay…IhaveendeavoredtomakeVirgilspeaksuchEnglishashewouldhimselfhavespoken,ifhehadbeenborninEngland,andinthispresentage.(Dryden,1697/1992:26)9.A‘goodtranslation’shouldbethatinwhichthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguage,astobeasdistinctlyapprehended,andasstronglyfeltbyanativeofcountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongs,asitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork.(A.F.Tytler,1797:14)10.Tytler’sthreegeneral‘laws’or‘rules’:1)Thetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.2)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.3)Thetranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoforiginalcomposition.(A.F.Tytler,1797:15)11.Thetwopathsopenforthe‘true’translator:Eitherthetranslatorleavesthewriteraloneasmuchaspossibleandmovesthereadertowardthewriter,orheleavesthereaderaloneasmuchaspossibleandmovesthewritertowardthereader.(Schleiermacher,1813/1992:41-2)12.ThesurfacestructureoftheSTisanalyzedint