您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 机械/制造/汽车 > 汽车理论 > 中国汽车低碳燃油标准-TheGlobalEnergy
TheChinaSustainableEnergyProgram中国可持续能源项目中国汽车低碳燃油标准中国汽车低碳燃油标准ChinaLowCarbonFuelStandardsChinaLowCarbonFuelStandardsintheAutoSectorintheAutoSectorSeptember7,2007September7,2007FuqiangYANGFuqiangYANG20072007年年99月月77日日杨富强杨富强TwoMostImportantIssuesinChinaEnergyTwoMostImportantIssuesinChinaEnergy能源的两个首要问题能源的两个首要问题••能源安全能源安全EnergySecurityEnergySecurity••气候变化(环境保护气候变化(环境保护))ClimateChangeClimateChangeandEnvironmentalProtectionandEnvironmentalProtection••能源技术的发展和选择能源技术的发展和选择DevelopmentandDevelopmentandOptionsofenergytechnologiesOptionsofenergytechnologies是应对两个挑战的利器。是应对两个挑战的利器。isapowerfultooltomeetwiththetwochisapowerfultooltomeetwiththetwochallengesallenges••政府政策政府政策GovernmentalpoliciesGovernmentalpolicies如何激励投资能源技术发展是关键。如何激励投资能源技术发展是关键。HowtostimulatetheinvestmentinenergytechnologiesisakeyHowtostimulatetheinvestmentinenergytechnologiesisakeypointpointEnergyefficiency,renewableenergy,CarbonSequestrationareEnergyefficiency,renewableenergy,CarbonSequestrationaretheFutureAnswerstheFutureAnswers节能、可再生能源、碳收集储存技术是三大发展方向节能、可再生能源、碳收集储存技术是三大发展方向技术:大规模的粮食乙醇技术:大规模的粮食乙醇政策:税收优惠政策:税收优惠减排减排((--))技术:汽车混合动力,燃料电池技术:汽车混合动力,燃料电池政策:税收优惠政策:税收优惠能源安全减弱能源安全减弱技术:技术:SUVSUV汽车汽车政策:税收优惠政策:税收优惠能源安全加强能源安全加强技术:煤变油技术:煤变油((没有碳收集储存)没有碳收集储存)政策:税收减免政策:税收减免增加增加(+)(+)2010Priorities十一五目标•能耗强度降低20%•主要污染物排放降低10%•土地安全PremierWenJiabao•EnergyIntensityTarget:20%Reduction•MajorEnvironmentalPollutants:10%Reduction•LandSecurityChallengesStillContinuedin2007ChallengesStillContinuedin200720072007挑战仍在继续挑战仍在继续•Tradesurplus$23.8B,thesecondhistoricalhigh•BankLoanregainedhigh•CPIwasup4.4%•Industrialoutputstrong•GDPgrowthrate11.5%•Electricityconsumptionincreased16%•Oilimportation•贸易盈余大幅膨胀,升至238亿美元,是有史以来第2大盈余。•银行贷款增长再次反弹•CPI上涨4.4%,•工业产出增长强劲•GDP增长11.5%•电力消费增长16%•石油进口增长15%应对挑战应对挑战ChallengeChallenge••贸易顺差至贸易顺差至66月底月底11201120亿美元,增幅亿美元,增幅过过84%84%,经常帐盈余可能推高至占,经常帐盈余可能推高至占GDPGDP的的11%11%。。••TradeSurpluswas$112billioninTradeSurpluswas$112billioninthefirsthalfyear,increased84%thefirsthalfyear,increased84%2007120071--66月月汽车和汽油增长汽车和汽油增长AutoandGasolineOutputin1AutoandGasolineOutputin1--6of20076of20070.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%汽车汽油汽车4.90%6.20%6.40%12.5012.7013%汽油3.80%17.8018.6025.7027.6032.70234567OilConsumptionOilConsumption石油消费石油消费‘000b/d-300-200-1000100200300400500ChinaEuropeOtherAsiaPacificNorthAmericaMiddleEastFSUS&CAmericaAfrica10-yearaverageOilimportingregionsOilexportingregionsGrowthin2006byregion中国欧洲ChineseVehiclePopulationCouldExceed100Millionby2020ChineseVehiclePopulationCouldExceed100Millionby2020中国汽车保有总量中国汽车保有总量20202020年将超过年将超过11亿辆亿辆050001000015000200002000200520102015202020252030Predictionofthenumberofvehicles(10thousand)USDOENASHighNASLowTsinghuaCATARC1CATARC2ANL国外石油依存度国外石油依存度50%50%OilDependencyupto50%OilDependencyupto50%••20072007年年11月至月至77月,进口月,进口96379637万吨,国内万吨,国内产量产量1.081.08亿吨。近几年石油进口年增长率亿吨。近几年石油进口年增长率为为15%15%左右左右••石油储备政府石油储备政府1414天,民间天,民间2121天天ReferenceScenarioReferenceScenario参考情景参考情景EnergyEnergy--RelatedCORelatedCO22emissionsbyRegionemissionsbyRegion不同地区和能源相关的二氧化碳排放不同地区和能源相关的二氧化碳排放ChinaovertakestheUSastheworld’sbiggestemitterbefore2010,thoughitspercapitaemissionsreachjust60%ofthoseoftheOECDin2030虽然中国的人均排放量在2030年只达到OECD国家的60%,但2010年之前,中国将超过美国成为世界昀大的排放国,0369121519902000201020202030GigatonnesofCO2UnitedStatesChinaRestofnon-OECDRestofOECD中国水塔青藏高原中国水塔青藏高原TheTibetanPlateauTheTibetanPlateau““WaterTowerWaterTower””珠穆朗玛峰冰川消融情况上图:中国登山队1960年5月下图:中国登山队和测绘队2005年5月•PhotographsoftheglacierunderMountEverest•Upper:May1960•Lower:May2005背景资料:于1912年相比,非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗冰雪消融了82%,按目前速度,15年后,其主峰“自由峰”上的冰雪将消融殆尽。TheiceonMountKilimanjarohasshrunkbyroughly82%percentsince1912.Scientistssaytheicewillbegoneby2020ifcurrentmeltingratescontinue.EnergyGoalsto2050EnergyGoalsto2050中国能源发展中国能源发展20502050年目标年目标••COCO22concentration450ppmconcentration450ppm••TemperatureIncreaseThreshold2TemperatureIncreaseThreshold2℃℃••二氧化碳大气浓度二氧化碳大气浓度450ppm450ppm••大气温度平均升高大气温度平均升高摄氏摄氏22度度Tomaintain50/50chanceofstayingbelow2Tomaintain50/50chanceofstayingbelow2°°Cimpliesstabilizing450ppmCimpliesstabilizing450ppmGtCOGtCO22e(e(atleastatleast3030GtGtreductionby2030)reductionby2030)保持保持5050%几率大气稳定(%几率大气稳定(22°°450ppm450ppm)的状况)的状况070604dtwsummary14Source:AdaptedfromSternReview,2006;BAUemissions~WEOA2scenario;450ppmbudgetrangebasedonSternandpreliminaryIPCCanalysis010203040506070809010020002010202020302040205020602070208020902100Possibleemissiontrajectories2000-2100GlobalemissionsGtCO2eBusinessasusual450ppmCO2e500ppmCO2e(fallingto450ppmin2150)203030+GtCO2e需要减排300亿吨CO2SufficientenergysystemreformisimpossiblewithdelaySufficientenergysystemreformisimpossiblewithdelay能源系统改变不容拖延能源系统改变不容拖延PowerIndustryBuildingsTransportForestryAgricultureOtherUnknown152030emissionreductionpotentialbysectorGtCO2eSource:IPCCandUSEPA,2006(2030potentials)Durationofinaction10years6020002010202020302030BAUemissions3016PowerIndustryBuildingsTransportForestryAgricultureOther2030emissionreductionpotentialbysectorGtCO2eSource:IPCCandUSEPA,2006(2030potentials)Durationofinaction10years306020002010202020302030BAUemissionsUnknownSufficientenergysyst
本文标题:中国汽车低碳燃油标准-TheGlobalEnergy
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-287213 .html