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BrockBiologyofMicroorganismsBilingualGlossary(ForInternalCirculationOnly)微生物学术语双语(中英文)对照北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院微生物教研室谢响明2007年6月10日1Catalogue目录Chapter1MicroorganismsandMicrobiologyChapter2AnOverviewofMicrobialLifeChapter3MacromoleculesChapter4CellStructure/FunctionChapter5Nutrition,LaboratoryCulture,andMetabolismofMicroorganismsChapter6MicrobialGrowthChapter7PrinciplesofMicrobialMolecularBiologyChapter8RegulationofGeneExpressionChapter9EssentialsofVirologyChapter10BacterialGeneticsChapter11MicrobialEvolutionandSystematicsChapter15MicrobialGenomicsChapter18MethodsinMicrobialEcologyChapter19MicrobialHabitats,NutrientsCyclesChapter20MicrobialGrowthControl2BilingualGlossaryforMicrobiologyChapter1Landmark:里程碑Ramifications:分支non-cellularlife:非细胞生命prion:朊病毒microbialdiversityandevolution:微生物的多样性和进化pathogens:病原体geneticengineering:基因工程entity:实体macromolecules:大分子Reproduction:繁殖Differentiation:分化Communication:信息沟通codingdevices:编码机制attributes:特征,品质coordination.:协调regulation:调节optimallyattunedto最适地调和populations:种群habitat.:生境assemblages:集合体microbialcommunities:微生物群落biofilms:生物被膜hotsprings:温泉Aquatic:水生的Terrestrial:陆生的Prokaryoticcells:原核细胞ecosystem:生态系统biomass:生物量nitrogen:氮phosphorus:磷BubonicPlague:鼠疫Fleas:跳蚤3Mortality:死亡率Grotesque:奇异Liquefy:液化Influenzaandpneumonia:流感和肺炎Tuberculosis:肺结核spontaneousgeneration:自然发生学说microbes:微生物Broth:肉汤Flask:烧瓶Guncottonfilters:棉花滤器Dissolved:溶解的Ether:醚Particles:微粒flaskwithswanneck:曲颈瓶sterilization:灭菌vaccines:疫苗anthrax:炭疽热fowlcholera:禽流感rabies:狂犬病Germtheory:病菌说Koch’spostulates:科赫假设(法则)contagiousdiseases:传染病artificiallyinfectedanimals:人工感染的动物Solidmedium:固体培养基Gelatin:明胶Agar:琼脂Colonyformation:菌落形成Differentialstaining:鉴别染色Pureculture:纯培养isolation:分离,隔离inoculation:接种Tuberculin:结核菌素Diagnosis:诊断Subdisciplines:(学科的)分支enrichmentculture:富集培养aerobic:需氧的N-fixingbacteria:固氮细菌4sulfate-reducing:硫酸盐还原sulfur-oxidizingbacteria:硫氧化细菌rootnodule:根瘤Lactobacillus:乳酸杆菌tobaccomosaicvirus:烟草花叶病毒tenets:原则virology:病毒学nitrifyingbacteria:硝化细菌nitrification:硝化作用oxidationofammoniatonitrate:从氨氧化为硝酸盐hydrogensulfide:硫化氰chemolithotrophy:无机化能营养型autotrophs:自养生物anaerobe:厌氧生物Clostridiumpasteurianum:巴斯德羧菌属Medicalmicrobiologyandimmunology:医学微生物学和免疫学Aquaticmicrobiology:水生微生物学Microbialecology:微生物生态学Microbialsystematic:微生物的系统学Microbialphysiology:微生物生理学Cytology:细胞学Bacterialgenetics:细菌遗传学5Chapter2EvolutionaryHistory:进化史Elements:原理,基础ViralStructure:病毒结构TheTreeofLife:生命树Physiological:生理学的Eukaryotic:真核的Cytoplasmic(cell)membrane:细胞质膜Cytoplasm:细胞质Macromolecules:大分子Ribosome:核糖体organicmolecules:有机分子inorganicions:无机离子rod-shapedprokaryote:杆状原核生物organelles:细胞器Archaea:古生菌Nucleus:细胞核(nuclear的复数)Mitochondrion(Mitochondrion复数)线粒体Chloroplast:叶绿体Metazoans:后生生物Cytoplasmic:细胞质的Membrane:膜,隔膜Endoplasmicreticulum:内质网Nucleoid:类核,拟核Nucleolus:核仁Nuclear:核的,细胞核Static:静态的metabolicabilities:代谢能力biosynthetic:生物合成geneticalterations:遗传改造Genomes:基因组Chromosome:染色体Circular:环状copy:拷贝haploid:单倍体extrachromosomal:染色体外的6plasmids:质粒conferring:赋予properties:性质,特性Packaged:包裹的Yeast:酵母Folding:折叠的Packing:包装geneexpression:基因表达diploid:二倍体celldivision:细胞分裂mitosis:有丝分裂mitoticdivision:有丝分裂afullcomplementofgenes:一整套基因meiosis:减数分裂gametes:配子sexualreproduction:有性繁殖Fusion:融合Zygote:接合子,受精卵Sequenced:测序的Phylogeny:系统发生Phylogenetically:系统发生地deducedfrom从推论出comparativesequencing:比较测序RibosomalRNA:核糖体RNAbarometers:气压计clinic:临床microbiology:微生物学identicalcopies:相同的拷贝polymerasechainreaction(PCR):聚合酶链式反应aligned:排列的algorithm:运算法则pair-wisecomparisons:配对比较Domains:域Lineages:血统,世系Proteobacteria:蛋白细菌Cyanobacteria:蓝细菌Hyperthermophiles:极端嗜热菌7Methanogens:产甲烷菌extremehalophiles:极端嗜盐菌slimemolds:黏菌flagellates:鞭毛虫giardia:双滴虫(贾弟虫属)Eukarya(eukaryotes):真核生物Morphology:形态学Motility:运动性Mechanism:机制Developmentalbiology:发育生物学Adaptation:适应environmentalextremes:极端环境Organicchemicals:有机化合物Inorganicchemicals:无机化合物Oxidizing:氧化Conserved:保存,保留high-energycompound:高能量化合物Aerobes:需氧生物Anaerobes:厌氧生物Chemoorganotrophs:化能有机营养生物Chemolithotrophs:化能无机营养生物Phototrophic:光和营养的Pigments:色素majornutrient:主要营养Heterotrophic:异养的Autotrophic:自养的Autotrophs;自养生物primaryproducers:初级生产者extremeenvironmentalhabitats:极端环境生境extremophiles:极端环境微生物,嗜极菌hotspring:温泉tolerant:忍耐的pathogenic:致病的Phylum:门Aquifex:产液菌属Thermotoga:栖热孢菌属greennonsulfurbacteria:绿色非硫细菌8deinococcus:异常球菌属spirochetes:螺旋体greensulfurbacteria紫硫细菌planctomyces:浮霉状菌属phylogenetic:系统发生的depicted:描述的marine:海洋halobacterium:盐杆菌属natronobacterium:嗜盐碱杆菌属halophilicmethanogens:嗜盐产烷生物methanosarcina:甲烷八叠球菌属thermoplasma:热源体属methanobacterium:甲烷杆菌属methanococcus:甲烷球菌属pyrococcus:火球菌属pyrolobus:热叶菌属methanopyrus:嗜热甲烷菌属thermoproteus:热变形菌属desulfurococcus:硫还原球菌属sulfolobus:硫化叶菌属hyperthermophiles:嗜热细菌halophiles:嗜盐菌acidophiles:嗜酸菌filamentous:丝状的Protozoans:原生动物Motile:运动的Lichens:地衣Diplomonads:双滴虫Trichomonads:毛滴虫,微孢子虫Flagellates:鞭毛虫Ciliates:纤毛虫Greenalgae:绿藻Redalgae:红藻Fungi:真菌Diatoms:硅藻属Brownalgae:褐藻Apex:顶点9Chapter4Locomotion:运动、行动Inclusions:内含物、包涵物LightMicroscopy:光学显微镜Bright-field:明视野Phasecontrast:相差Dark-field:暗视野Fluorescence:荧光Magnification:放大率Resolution:分辨率Staining:染色IncreasingContrastforBright-FieldMicroscopy:提高明视野显微镜的对比效果positivelycharged(cationic):带正电
本文标题:微生物学术语双语(中英文)对照
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