BookIIIUnit6读写教案

1Unit6(N.H.C.E.3)IncludedinThisUnitAre:SectionAHowtoPrepareforEarthquakesSectionBChangesintheBalanceofNatureREADINGANDWRITINGIntroductorywordsThethreeselectionsinthisunitdealwiththewonderfulandmysteriousworldofnature.Thefirstarticleconsistsofthreeparts:thepreparationfor,theproperconstructionofbuildingstowithstand,andhumanemergencyplanningforearthquakes.Thesecondarticletellsofthefragilebalanceofnatureandhowhumansneedtoprotectandsavetheresources.Inspiteoftheshorttimespantheyhaveoccupiedtheplanet,humansareusingupthenaturalresourcesanddisturbingthebalanceofnature.Weneedsolutionstoalltheseproblems.I.Objectives1.Skills1)reading:skimming2)writing:ageneralviewpointthatissupportedbyspecificdetail3)translating:2.vocabularydevelopment---wordpower1)wordsandexpressionsdetect,wax,withstand,enclose,fasten,occurrence,attachsthtosth,putout,turnoff,checkin,makeadifference,etc.2)wordbuilding:a.compoundsb.en-+adj.3.Grammar1)“sothat”tointroduceaclauseofpurpose.2)“which”tobereferredtothepreviousmainclause.II．TeachingProceduresStep1:BackgroundInformationSomedisasterssuchasearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsresultfromthemovementofplatesalongtheweaknessesintheEarth’scrust.TheGreatHanshinEarthquakeDisasterAt5:46:51AM,onJanuary17,1995,amagnitude7.2earthquakeoccurredaroundKobe（神户）CityinJapan.About170,000housesweredestroyedorseverelydamagedinHyogoPrefectureandOsaka(大阪)Prefecture.OnFebruary7,1995,5,273personswerereportedtohavebeenkilledbytheearthquake.Mostvictimswerecrushedtodeathbythecollapseoftheirhouses,andburnedtodeathbythefiresthatfollowedtheearthquake.Thenumberofrefugees2isreportedtobeinexcessof300,000.EarthquakeOneofthemostfrighteninganddestructivephenomenaofnatureisasevereearthquakeanditsterribleaftereffects.AnearthquakeisasuddenmovementoftheEarth,causedbytheabruptreleaseofstrainthathasaccumulatedoveralongtime.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,theforcesofplatetectonics（板块运动动力）haveshapedtheEarthasthehugeplatesthatformtheEarth'ssurfaceslowlymoveover,under,andpasteachother.Sometimesthemovementisgradual.Atothertimes,theplatesarelockedtogether,unabletoreleasetheaccumulatingenergy.Whentheaccumulatedenergygrowsstrongenough,theplatesbreakfree.Iftheearthquakeoccursinapopulatedarea,itmaycausemanydeathsandinjuriesandextensivepropertydamage.RichterScale（里氏震级）Inthe1930s,aCaliforniaseismologistnamedCharlesF.Richterdevisedasimplenumericalscale(whichhecalledthemagnitude)todescribetherelativesizesofearthquakes,whichhascometobecalledtheRichterscale.SinceRichter,seismologistshavedevelopedanumberofmagnitudescales.MostofthescalesinuseintheWesternworld(suchasthemomentmagnitudescale)aremutuallyconsistenttoasufficientextentthatthetermRichterscaleisroutinelyusedinreportingthesenumberstothepublic.Otherscales(andotherwaysofdescribingthesizeofearthquakes)areusedinsomenon-Westerncountries,andbyearthquakespecialists.Forexample,theJapanesescaleformeasuringtheforceofearthquakesmeasureshorizontalmovement.ThepresssometimesmistakenlyreportssuchvaluesasRichtermagnitude,andthishasgivenrisetopublicconfusion.Expressionsrelatedtoearthquakes:earthquake地震shake震动；摇晃tremor颤动；震动temblor[美语]地震hit袭击、打击，使遭受strike突然发生；打击jolt使颠簸，摇晃rock摇，摇动，使振动rollacross波动，起伏，横摇ripthrough裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯damage损害；损伤destroy毁坏，破坏；摧残shatter破坏；捣毁；破灭devastate蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭level推倒，夷平flatten夷为平地3seismological地震学上的seismology地震学seismograph地震仪seismographer地震学家aftershock余震smallertremors小地震epicenter震中magnitude震级RichterScale(1-10)里氏震级atascaleof7.8ontheRichtercalculations里氏7.8级地震earthquakemonitoring地震监控tsunami海啸rockandmudslides泥石流tsunamiwarningsystem海啸预警系统tidalwaves潮汐波，浪潮naturaldisaster自然灾害tragedy灾难wreckage残骸deathtoll死亡人数survivors幸存者victims受灾者internationalcontributions国际援助evacuation撤离rescueteam救援小组seismic地震的seismic(seismal;seismical;earthquake)load地震载荷seismicacceleration地震加速度;震动加速度seismicaccelerationindicator地震加速指示计seismicactivity地震活动;地震活动性seismicamplifier地震放大器seismicanalysis地震分析seismicarea地震带;地震区;震区seismicbelt地震带;地震区seismiccenter震中seismiccross-section地震剖面seismicdata地震数据;地震资料seismicdegree震度seismicdesign地震设计seismicdetector地震检波器;地震仪seismicdetectorofthedisplacement位移式地震检波器seismicdetectorofthevelocitytype速度式地震检波器4seismicdigitalamplifier地震数字放大器seismicdiscontinuity地震间断面seismicdrill地震孔用钻机seismicdynamicload地震动力载荷seismicelementmethod地震元法seismicexploration地层勘探;地震探测;地震探查;震波勘测seismicexplorationvessel震波勘测船seismicfilter地震滤波器seismicfloorjointcover地面抗震缝盖板seismicfocus地震震源seismicforce地震力seismicgap地震活动空白地带seismichazard地震危害性seismicheadwave地震首波seismicinstrumentcar地震仪器车seismicintensity地震烈度;地震强度seismicintensityscale地震强度计seismicinvestigation地震探测seismicload地震荷载seismicmap地震图seismicmeasurement地震测验seismicmethod地震勘探法seismicmethodofexploration地震法勘探;震波勘测法seismicmotion地震活动;地震运动seismicorigin地震成因seismicrestraint耐震seismicrisk地震危险性seismicprocessing震波图分析seismicprofile地震剖面seismicrecord地震记录seismicrecordviewer地震记录观测仪seismicrecorder地震记录仪seismicshock地震;地震冲击;地震震动;震波冲击seismicsignal地震信号seismiczone地震带;地震区seismiczoning地震区划分seismic-electriceffect震电效应seismicinstrument地震仪5Step2:Warm-upExercises:QuestionsforDiscussionDiscussion:1.Haveyoueverbeeninanearthquake?Whatdoyouthinky