2015中考英语基础语法七形容词和副词

1（七）形容词和副词01命题趋势考标导向化在历年各地中考中，形容词和副词是必考的知识点，分值通常在3～5分之间。从命题形式来看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等；其中对形容词和副词的句法功能、比较等级的用法及易混形容词和副词的辨析的考查又是重中之重。预计2015年中考热点仍将集中在形容词和副词的词义辨析和比较等级的用法上。02定义概念清晰化形容词是用来修饰名词或不定代词，说明事物和人的性质和特征的一类词，在句子中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语；而副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，在句子中作状语、表语、补语和定语。英语中的形容词和副词都有等级的变化。03知识归类知识网络化❶形容词的位置分类图解形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词abridge50meterslong形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwithelse修饰疑问词和不定代词时whatelse，somethingelse特例清单1.有些形容词只能作定语。如：little(小的),only(唯一的),wooden(木质的),elder(年长的),woolen(羊毛质的)等及复合形容词man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心的),English-speaking(说英语的),take-away(可以带走的)等。2.有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone(孤独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),alive(活着的),well(健康的),ill(病的),frightened(害怕的)等。3.有些形容词貌似副词。如：friendly(友好的),lively(生动的),lonely(孤独的)等。4.有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如：Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.我们应该尊老爱幼。It’snotpolitetolaughattheblindorthedeaf.取笑盲人或聋人是不礼貌的。5.enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如：Wehaveenoughtime(=timeenough)tofinishthework.我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。Heranfastenoughtocatchthebus.他跑得很快，足够赶上公共汽车了。Thishallisbigenoughtohold1,000people.这个大厅够大的，可以容纳1000人。6.多个形容词作定语时，通常按“性质→大小(长短、高低、形状等)→年龄/新旧→颜色→国籍(地区、出处等)→材料”的顺序排列。如：abeautifultallbuilding一座漂亮而高大的建筑物alargeyellowChinesecoat一件黄色的中国式大衣【题组训练】形容词的作用及位置()1.(2014·绥化)Keepallthewindows_______，it’stoohotintheroom.A.openedB.openC.closed()2.(2014·荆州)—I’llnotbeJack’sfriendanymore.—Don’tbeangry.He’sjustso______，butinfacthe’sgoodtous，youknow.A.helpfulB.directC.politeD.brave()3.(2014·河北)How_____Cindygrows!she’salmostastallashermothernow.A.cuteB.strongC.fastD.straight()4.(2014·来宾)Aftertheearthquake，weheardoflotsof______stories，andallofusweredeeply.A.moving;movedB.moving;movingC.moved;movingD.moved;moved()5.(2014·东营)Overseasexperiencemayhelpmakeourlife______.Sowhynottrytostudyabroad?2A.usualB.usefulC.successfulD.traditional❷副词的分类分类图解时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑问副词how,where,when,why方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather关系副词when,where,why注意：地点副词、时间副词和方式副词放在句尾，它们同时出现时的顺序是：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如：Thestudentsaredoingtheexperimentscarefullyinthelabnow.同学们现在正在实验室里认真地做实验。Manypeopletakeexercisehappilyonthesquareeverymorning.很多人每天早晨在广场上高兴地进行锻炼。【题组训练】副词的作用及位置()6.(2014·曲靖)Daviddoesn’tlikericenoodles，hissondoesn’t，________.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.not()7.(2014·随州)—HowisLucy’sEnglish?—ShealwaysdoesverywellinherEnglishexams.Butshecan_______understandEnglishradioprograms.A.alwaysB.alreadyC.easilyD.hardly()8.(2014·宿迁)Sandylikestravelling.She_______staysathomeduringholidays.A.seldomB.usuallyC.alwaysD.often()9.(2014·绵阳)—Alex，didyoufindouroldschoollastweek?—Yes，butwithmuchdifficulty，forithas________changedovertheseyears.A.completelyB.neverC.hardlyD.partly()10.(2014·昆明)Teenagersshouldbeencouragedtogo______andbeclosetonature.A.insideB.backC.outsideD.off❸规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级分类图解构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est。smallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r,-st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加-er,-est。earlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加-er,-est。redbigthinredderbiggerthinnerreddestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more,most。interestingimportantmoreinterestingmoreimportantmostinterestingmostimportant特例清单1.使用比较级时，在对比中应该是同类进行对比。如：“我的英语不如你的好”应译成“MyEnglishisnotas(so)goodasyours.”，而不能译成“MyEnglishisnotasgoodasyou.”。因为此句中比较的对象是English，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours(=yourEnglish)。2.使用比较级时，切忌一方包含另一方，从而造成自身与自身的比较。如：3“她比她班上任何同学学习都努力”应译成“Shestudiesharderthananyotherstudentinherclass.”，而不能译成“Shestudiesharderthananystudentinherclass.”。anystudentinherclass包括she，使用了other才能将其排除。【题组训练】()11.(2014·山西)—HaveyouwatchedABiteofChinarecently?—Ofcourse.IdobelieveChinesefoodis____intheworld.A.themostdeliciousB.moredeliciousC.delicious()12.(2014·襄阳)Withthedevelopmentofmodernscience，it’s______forustogetinformationfromallovertheworld.A.slowerB.busierC.harderD.easier()13.(2014·呼和浩特)Theboxwas_____thanIhadexpected.IwasoutofbreathwhenIgothome.A.moreheavierB.muchheavierC.littleheavierD.veryheavier()14.(2014·嘉兴)—Doyoulikeeatingfish，WangHan?—Ofcourse.Nothingcanbe_______，Ithink.A.deliciousB.beautifulC.moredeliciousD.morebeautiful()15.(2014·白银)—Heistheonlyonewhofailedinthemathexam.—Really?Youmeanhestudies________.A.themostcarefulB.theleastcarefulC.themostcarefullyD.theleastcarefully❹不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级分类图解原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfarthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【题组训练】()16.(2014·绵阳)—Rosa，canIwearjeansandT-shirttotheeveningparty?—OK.Butadressmightbe______.A.goodB.worseC.badD.better()17.(2014·长沙)—Oh，itwasfantastic!Lilydancedsowell.—Well，IthinkKatedanced_______thanLily.A.wellB.betterC.best()18.(2014·咸宁)—Whatdoyouthinko