2017年国家公务员行测答题技巧巧解类比推理

一、构词法从构词法上词语可以分为单纯词和合成词。一个字的词肯定是单纯词，两个(或多个)字的词不能分开解释的也是单纯词。两个(或多个)字的单纯词具体又分为叠音词、拟声词、音译词和连绵词四种。叠音词指由一个音节重叠而成的词。如“星星”、“蛐蛐”、“姥姥”等。拟声词是模拟客观事物、现象的声音而形成的词。如“扑通”、“哗啦”、“噼里啪啦”等。音译词是指模拟外语词的声音形式而形成的词。如“逻辑”、“的士”、“歇斯底里”等。连绵词是由两个音节连缀成义的单纯词。包括双声连绵词、叠韵连绵词、非双声叠韵连绵词。双声连绵词指构成的两个音节的声母相同的连绵词。例如“蜘蛛”、“伶俐”“澎湃”等。叠韵连绵词指构成的两个音节的韵母相同的连绵词。如“骆驼”、“蹉跎”、“徘徊”等。非双声叠韵连绵词指构成的两个音节既非双声又非叠韵的连绵词。如“葡萄”、“蝴蝶”、“芙蓉”等。合成词自然就是可以分开解释的词。根据词语内部之间字和字之间的关系又可以分为并列式(如书本、花草、禽兽等)、偏正式(如红花、绿叶、英语等)、补充式(如“提高”、“延长”、“弄清”等)、动宾式(如“打人”、“剪彩”、“接力”)等、主谓式(如“地震”、“心慌”、“海啸”等)。二、造字法关于汉字的造字法，从汉朝以来，相沿有“六书”的说法，包括象形、指事、会意、形声、转注和假借。但严格说来转注和假借属于“用字法”，造字法就是前四种。象形字就是字像画画一样，字形直接表达了字的含义，如“火”、“水”、“人”等。指事字就是用象征性的符号或在图形上加上指示性符号来表示意义的造字法。比如“一”、“二”“中”等。会意法就是把两个或两个以上的字，按意义合起来表示一个新的意义的造字法。如“上面小下面大”就是“尖”、“小土”为“尘”、“不正”为“歪”等。形声词就是有形旁(表含义)、声旁(表声音)组合成的字，左形右声(如晴)、左声右形(如鸭)、上形下声(如爸)和上声下形(如想)都有。三、真题精选1.红光：满面A.东山：再起B.魂牵：梦萦C.五光：十色D.雨打：芭蕉【解析】答案选A。题干中红光满面是一个主谓结构的成语;A选项东山再起也是主谓结构。B、C项都是并列结构;D选项是主谓+宾结构。所以，答案选A。2.降龙：伏虎A.生吞：活剥B.稳扎：稳打C.张冠：李戴D.登峰：造极【解析】答案选D。降龙伏虎是并列式，而且降和龙﹑伏和虎两个字之间还是动宾式结构，那就只能选D了。A,wordformation,Wordscanbedividedintosinglemorphemewordandwordsfromthewordformation.Awordwordmustbeasinglemorphemeword,wordtwo(ormore)wordscannotexplainseparatelyissinglemorphemeword.Two(ormore)ofconcreteisdividedintosinglemorphemeword,onomatopoeticwords,wordsoftenwordandtheword.Oftenreferstowordscomposedofasyllableoverlap.Suchasstars,thecricket,grandmaandsoon.Onomatopoeticwords,simulatesthesoundofobjectivethingsandphenomenonandformofword.Suchasflop,hua,orandsoon.Transliterationreferstothevoiceofthesimulationlanguagewordformtoformaword.Suchaslogic,taxi,hysteria,etc.Continuouswordismadeupoftwosyllables:singlemorphemewordofsavior.Includingthedoublesoundwords,fufucontinuouspoemscontinuouswords,thepoems.Shereferstoaseriesofinitialsoftwosyllables,composedofthesameword.Suchas(suchasbooks,flowersandplants,animals,etc.),partialformal(e.g.,redflowers,greenleaves,English,etc.),thesupplementtype(suchasimproving,extensionandout,etc.)theverb-objecttype(e.g.,hit,ceremony,relay),suchassubject-predicatetype(e.g.,earthquake,confused,tsunami,etc.).Second,thewordWordaboutChinesecharacters,sincethehandynasty,thereisthesayingofChinesecharactersdown,includingthepictographic,self-explanatory,knowingandechoism,conversion,andundertheguiseof.Butstrictlyspeakingfocusandundertheguiseofbelongtowords,wordisthefirstfour.Likepainting,characterpictogramsisdirectlyexpressthemeaningoftheword,suchasfire,waterandpeople,etc.Isself-explanatorycharacterswithsymbolicsymbolsorindicativeisaddedonthegraphicsymbolstorepresentthemeaningofword.Suchasa,2andin,etc.Knowing)(meaning),phoneticelement(table),wordssoundleftformright(clear),leftsoundrightform(suchasduck),formthesoundof(e.g.,pa)anditsshapeunderthe(to).Three,realtopicselection1.Coveredwithredlight:A.dongshan:backb.reverie:hedreamedTencolord.c.five:lightrain:banana[resolution]answertochooseA.Topicinthedryredisasubject-predicatestructureidioms;AoptiontostageAcomebackissubject-predicatestructure.ItemBandCareparatacticstructure;Doptionissubject-predicate+gueststructure.So,answertochooseA.2.Thedragon:lestA.toswallow:aliveb.steady:slowlyC.acrown:lidaid.dengfeng:extremely[resolution]answerschooseD.Jiangxiangisside-by-side,anddropanddragon,vandtigerorsvostructurebetweenthetwowords,thatcanonlychooseD.