简述各种从句中的引导词

简述各种从句中的引导词一．名词性从句是指在句中充当名词能充当的成分（如主语，宾语，表语，同位语）的从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that（宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（9个）：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词（7个）：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,howeverA．宾语从句中的引导词1.从属连词，包括that、if、whether、asif和asthough,都不在从句中从当任何成分。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，通常可省略。if和whether，whether...ornot引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。如：Hetoldme(that）hewouldgotocollegethenextyear.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.2.关联代词who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。如：DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOshouldknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacallphone？3.连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.如：Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.CouldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanelNoneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.B．主语从句中的引导词1）从属连词that，whether,if等；其中that一般见于形式主语后面的从句中，通常可省略。如：It'sagreatpity（that）theydidn'tgetmarried.2）连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever，whom等；其中which需要特别注意，所有的名词性从句中，只有主语从句在表示选择的时候，用到它。如：whichhewillchooseremainsunknown.3)连接副词how，when，where，why等。C．表语从句的引导词大致和主语从句一样D．同位语从句通常由that引导。如：Thenewsthatourteamwonthematchisexciting.二．定语从句是在句中充当定语的从句，其引导词包括两类：关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：thatwhichwhowhomwhose以及as.其中thatwhichwho在从句中充当主语或者宾语，whom只能充当宾语，whose只能充当定语,as仅用于非限定性定语从句中。如：Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan关系副词：在句中作状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词Why=forwhichWhere=in/at/onwhich（介词同先行词搭配）When=during/on/in/……三．状语从句是在句中充当状语的从句。1.时间状语从句：when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until2.地点状语从句：常用引导词：where，特殊引导词：wherever,anywhere,everywhere如：Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficultorimpossible。3.原因状语从句常用引导词：because,since,as,for特殊引导词：seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat.如：Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.4．目的状语从句常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat如：Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.5．结果状语从句常用引导词：so…that,such…that,特殊引导词：suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,如：Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.6．条件状语从句常用引导词：if,unless,特殊引导词：as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthat如：Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.7．让步状语从句常用引导词：though,although,evenif,eventhough特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，nomatter…，inspiteofthefactthat,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever如：MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.8．比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：themore…themore…;justas…，so…;AtoBiswhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;notsomuchAasBThehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.Foodtomeniswhatoilistomachine.9．方式状语从句常用引导词：as,asif,how特殊引导词：thewayWheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.