智能汽车（英文原版）

IntelligentVehicleTechnologyandTrendsForalistingofrecenttitlesintheArtechHouseITSLibrary,turntothebackofthisbookIntelligentVehicleTechnologyandTrendsRichardBishopartechhouse.comLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataBishop,Richard.Intelligentvehicletechnologyandtrends/RichardBishop.p.cm.—(ArtechHouseITSlibrary)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN1-58053-911-4(alk.paper)1.IntelligentVehicleHighwaySystems.I.Title.II.Series.TE228.3.B5720052005041095388.3′12—dc22BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataBishop,RichardIntelligentvehicletechnologyandtrends.—(ArtechHouseintelligenttransportationsystemslibrary)1.IntelligentVehicleHighwaySystems2.Automotivecomputers3.Motorvehicles—AutomaticlocationsystemsI.Title629.2’7ISBN1-58053-911-4CoverdesignbyYekaterinaRatner©2005ARTECHHOUSE,INC.685CantonStreetNorwood,MA02062Allrightsreserved.PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includ-ingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Alltermsmentionedinthisbookthatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshavebeenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinforma-tion.Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrade-markorservicemark.InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-911-410987654321DedicatedtoJamesR.Bishop,Sr.Whocultivatedwithinmeanactiveandinquiringmind.ContentsPrefaceandAcknowledgmentsxvForwardxviiCHAPTER1Introduction11.1MachineIntelligenceontheRoad11.2DefinitionofIntelligentVehicles31.3OverviewofChapters3References6CHAPTER2GoalsandVisionsfortheFuture72.1GovernmentSafetyGoals82.1.1Asia-PacificRegion82.1.2Europe102.1.3NorthAmerica102.2VisionsfortheFuture112.2.1Europe’seSafetyVision122.2.2Sweden’sVisionZero132.2.3ITSAmerica’sZeroFatalitiesVision132.2.4ITSEvolutioninJapan142.2.5TheNetherlandsOrganizationforScientificResearch(TNO)152.2.6France182.2.7TheCybercarApproach212.2.8Vision2030212.3Summary22References23CHAPTER3IVApplicationAreas253.1ConvenienceSystems253.1.1ParkingAssist263.1.2AdaptiveCruiseControl(ACC)263.1.3Low-SpeedACC273.1.4Lane-KeepingAssistance(LKA)273.1.5AutomatedVehicleControl28vii3.2SafetySystems283.2.1AssistingDriverPerception293.2.2CrashPrevention303.2.3DegradedDriving323.2.4Precrash333.2.5ExternalVehicleSpeedControl(EVSC)333.3ProductivitySystems343.3.1TruckApplications343.3.2TransitBusApplications343.4Traffic-AssistSystems353.4.1VehicleFlowManagement(VFM)363.4.2Traffic-ResponsiveAdaptation363.4.3TrafficJamDissipation363.4.4Start-UpAssist373.4.5CooperativeACC(C-ACC)373.4.6Platooning37References37CHAPTER4Government-IndustryR&DProgramsandStrategies394.1Asia-Pacific394.1.1Australia394.1.2China404.1.3Japan424.1.4SouthKorea444.2EuropeanPrograms454.2.1Pan-EuropeanActivitiesConductedThroughtheEC454.2.2TheDeuFrakoProgram514.2.3FrenchPrograms524.2.4IVResearchinGermany534.2.5ActivitiesintheNetherlands554.2.6IVSSinSweden574.2.7UnitedKingdom584.3UnitedStates594.3.1U.S.DOT594.3.2IVR&DattheStateLevel634.3.3IVR&DUnderWaybytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense654.4ContrastsAcrossIVProgramsWorldwide65References66CHAPTER5IVPrioritiesandStrategiesfortheVehicleIndustry695.1AutomobileManufacturers705.1.1BMW705.1.2DaimlerChrysler705.1.3Fiat735.1.4Ford73viiiContents5.1.50GeneralMotors745.1.60Honda765.1.70Mitsubishi775.1.80Nissan775.1.90PSAPeugeotCitroën785.1.10Renault785.1.11Subaru795.1.12Toyota795.1.13Volkswagen(VW)815.1.14VolvoGlobalTrucks815.2AutomotiveIndustrySuppliers815.2.10AisinGroup825.2.20Bosch825.2.30Continental835.2.40Delphi835.2.50Denso865.2.60Hella875.2.70IBEOAutomobileSensor875.2.80MobilEye885.2.90SiemensVDOAutomotive895.2.10TRW’sThree-PhaseRoadmap895.2.11Valeo:SeeingandBeingSeen905.2.12Visteon915.3AutomotiveIndustrySummary92References93CHAPTER6Lateral/SideSensingandControlSystems976.1LaneDepartureWarningSystem(LDWS)986.1.1LDWSApproaches986.1.2LDWSontheMarket1016.1.3LDWSEvaluations1046.2RoadDepartureWarningSystems(RDWS)1066.2.1CurveSpeedWarning1066.2.2U.S.DOTRoadDepartureWarningFieldOperationalTesting1076.3LaneKeepingAssistSystems(LKA)1096.3.1SystemApproaches1096.3.2LKASystemsontheMarket1116.4ParallelParkingAssist1126.5SideSensing:BlindSpotMonitoringandLaneChangeAssistance(LCA)1136.5.1Radar-BasedSystems1136.5.2Vision-BasedSystems1146.5.3Ultrasonic-BasedSideObjectSensingForTransitBuses1156.6ComprehensiveLateralControlAssistance(LCA)1156.6.1INVENT:LCA115Contentsix6.6.2PReVENT1166.7RolloverCollisionAvoidance(RCA)forHeavyTrucks1166.8Summary118References119CHAPTER7LongitudinalSensingandControlSystems1217.1RearSensingforParking1227.1.1SystemDescription1227.1.2MarketAspects1237.2NightVision1237.2.1SystemDescription1237.2.2NightVisionSystems1247.2.3MarketAspects1257.3AdaptiveFrontLighting(AFS)1257.3.1SystemDescription1257.3.2SystemDescriptions1267.3.3MarketAspects1267.4AdaptiveCruiseControl(ACC)1277.4.1ACCSensorTechnologiesandTrade-offs1277.4.2High-SpeedACC1297.4.3Low-SpeedACC1327.4.4Full-SpeedRangeACC1347.5SafeGapAdvisory