19942002历年考研英语阅读理解真题解析

黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析2002Text1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.Whoisthat?thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.Oh,that'sGod,camethereply,butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor.Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn'tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.AtwistonafamiliarquoteIfatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveuporaplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.[A]impolitetonewarrivals[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.[A]havebenefitedmanypeople[B]arethefocusofpublicattention[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.[A]inwell-wordedlanguage[B]asawkwardlyaspossible[C]inexaggeratedstatements[D]ascasuallyaspossible45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.[A]UseHumorEffectively[B]VariousKindsofHumor[C]AddHumortoSpeech[D]DifferentHumorStrategies黑暗版考研英语历年阅读真题解析重点词汇：identify（辨别；视为同一）即ident+ify，ident词根“同一”，-ify动词后缀“使……”；identification（识别；身份证明）←identify去y加-ication名词后缀；identical（同一的）←ident+ical形容词后缀。Anymanoverthirtyidentifieshisyouthwiththeworstfaulthethinksheiscapableof.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。relevant（相关的；意义重大的）即re+lev+ant，re-前缀，lev词根“升，举”，-ant形容词后缀，故“从……升起的”→“源自……的”→相关的。同根词：elevate（升举，提高）←e+lev+ate；elevator（电梯，升降机）←e+lev+at(e)+or。Thediscoveryanduseofknowledgehasalwaysbeenrelevanttoahumanefuture.对于一个人道的未来，知识的发现与运用一直是关系重大的。sympathy（n.同情；共鸣）即sym+path+y，sym-（=syn-，在p前n变形为m以方便发音，前缀“同”），path词根“感情”，-y抽象名词后缀；sympathize/sympathise（v.同情；共鸣），-ize/-ise为动词后缀；sympathetic（同情的；共鸣的）←sym+path+etic形容词后缀。Nexttolove,sympathyisthedivinestpassionofthehumanheart.同情心是人类心中仅次于爱的最神圣的情感。Anybodycansympathizewiththesufferingsofafriend,butitrequiresaveryfinenaturetosympathizewithafriend'ssuccess.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦，然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。Tobesympatheticwithoutdiscriminationissoverydebilitating.有同情心而无识别力是多么虚弱。Readingisnotmerelysympathizingandunderstanding;itisalsocriticizingandjudging.阅读不仅是同情与理解，也是批评与判断。alternatively（二者择一地；另外）←alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly；alternative（二者择一的；供选择的事物）←alter+nat(e)+ive；alternate（v.交替；交替的）←alter+nate。Love'salternatejoyandwoe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。Themorealternative,themoredifficultthechoice.可选择的东西越多，就越难选择。guangxian注：哲学家布里丹的虚拟驴子在两堆等距离等体积的谷堆面前饿死。convention（大会；惯例；公约）即con+ven(t)+tion，con-一起，ven(t)来，-tion名词后缀，故“人们来到一起”→开“大会”，而“大会制定的规则”即是“公约”，公约遵守时间长了就成为“惯例”。Thedangerdoesn'tlieinthehypotheticaldisastersofrevolution,butinconventionsimpedingprogress.危险不在于革命的臆测的灾难，而在于阻碍进步的成规。stomp（n.v.重踏）←stamp（邮票；标志）也有相同含义，想象“猛盖邮戳”→重踏。appropriate（适当的）即ap+propri+ate，ap-前缀加强语气，propri看作proper（适当的），-ate后缀；inappropriate//（不适当的）←in否定前缀+appropriate。Extremeremediesareveryappropriateforextremediseases.烈性药物对于重病是非常适宜的。←这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。inedible（不可食的）←in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能……的。resent（v.愤怒、怨恨）即re+sent，re（=against反对），sent（=sense感觉），于是“在感觉上反对”→愤恨。Peopledon'tresenthavingnothingnearlyasmuchastoolittle.人们所不满的往往是太少，而不是没有。disparaging（轻视的）←dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。scapegoat（替罪羊）可这样记：escape（n.v.逃跑）←e+scape，把e看作ex-，则scape就是没有“离开”的→“逃不掉的”→“留下来替罪的”，于是scape+goat→替罪