(缩印)专业英语复习资料整理

一．缩略词ADSLAsymmetricDigitalSubscriberLine非对称数字用户线AOL(AmericanOn-Line)美国在线服务公司ALU(ArithmeticLogicUnit)算术逻辑单元ARPANET(AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork)美国国防部高级研究计划局建立的计算机网BASICBeginner'sAll-purposeSymbolicInstructionCode初学者通用符号指令代码BOOM(BinocularOmni-OrientationMonitor)双目全方位监视器BCH(Binary-codedhexadecimal)二进制编码的十六进制BINAC(BinaryAutomaticComputer)二进制自动计算机CMMCapabilitymaturitymodel能力成熟度模型CMMControllableMemoryModule可控存储组件CDMACodeDivisionMultipleAccess码分多址访问COBOL(CommonBusiness-OrientedLanguage)面向商业的通用语言CASE(computer-aidedsoftwareengineering)计算机辅助软件工程CD-ROM(CompactDisc-ReadOnlyMemory)光盘只读存储器CRT(Cathode-raytube)阴极射线管DODDepartmentofDefenseModel美国国防部模型DSLDigitalSubscriberloop数字用户环路DDNDigitalDataNetwork数字数据网DCE(DistributedComputingEnvironment)分布式计算环境DBMS（DatabaseManagementSystem）数据库管理信息系统DNS(domainnamesystem)域名系统DMA（DirectMemoryAccess）直接存储器访问DEC(DigitalEquipmentCorporation)美国数字设备公司DVST（Direct-ViewStorageTube）直视存储管EDAEvent-drivenArchitecture事件驱动架构ERPEnterpriseResourcePlanning企业资源计划ENIAC(ElectronicNumericalIntegratorandComputer)电子数字积分计算机ENIAC计算机EDSAC(ElectronicDelayStorageAutomaticComputer)延迟存储电子自动计算机GPSGlobalPositionSystem全球定位系统GBGigaBytes十亿字节（吉字节）GML(GeneralizedMarkupLanguage)通用置标语言3GthirdGenerationwireless第三代无线通信GSMGlobalSystemforMobileCommunications全球移动通讯系统HMD(head-mounteddisplay)头盔显示器ISP(InternetServiceProvider)Internet服务提供者ISOC(InternetSociety)Internet协会IAB(InternetArchitectureBoard)Internet架构委员会IETF(InternetEngineeringTaskForce)Internet工程任务组IESG(InternetEngineeringSteeringGroup)Internet工程指导组ICANN(InternetCorporationforAssignedNamesandNumbers)因特网域名与地址管理组织ICMP(InternetControlMessageProtocol)网际控制报文协议IMAP(InternetMessageAccessProtocol)Interne消息访问协议I/O(Input/Output)输入输出(设备)IEEEInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers电气和电子工程师协会ISOInternationalOrganizationforStandardization国际标准化组织OSIOpenSystemInterconnectReferenceModel开放式系统互联参考模型MPLSMulti-ProtocolLabelSwitching多协议标记交换MPEGMovingPictureExpertsGroup动态图像专家组MP3MPEG-1AudioLayer3经常称为MP3MSIMedium-scaleintegration中规模集成(Large、Small)MIDI(MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface)乐器数字接口MPC(MultimediaPersonalComputer)多媒体个人计算机MAE(MetropolitanAreaExchange)城域交换站NAP(NetworkAccessPoint)网络访问节点NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)国家航空航天局ODBCOpenDatabaseConnectivity开放式数据库连接OMGObjectManagementGroup对象管理组织OS(OperatingSystem)操作系统OOP(Object-OrientedProgramming)面向对象的编程技术PSTNPublicSwitchTelephoneNetwork公共交换电话网PCBPrintCircuitBoard印制电路PINPersonalidentificationnumber个人身份识别号[码]RISCReducedInstructionSetComputing精简指令集CISCComplexInstructionsetComputing复杂指令集计算技术RFIDRadioFrequencyIdentification无线射频识别（电子标签）SOAService-OrientedArchitecture面向服务架构SMTPSimpleMailTransferProtocol简单邮件传输协议SGML(StandardGeneralizedMarkupLanguage)标准通用置标语言SSL(SecuritySocketLayer)加密套接字协议层UDDIUniversalDiscoveryDescriptionandIntegration通用描述发现和集成UMLUnifiedModelingLanguage统一建模语言USBUniversalSerialBus通用串行总线VRML(TheVirtualRealityModelingLanguage)虚拟现实建模语言VR(VirtualReality)虚拟现实XMLExtensibleMarkupLanguage扩展标记语言XSLExtensibleStylesheetLanguage可扩展样式表语言UNIVAC(UniversalAutomaticComputer)通用自动计算机URL(UniformResourceLocator)统一资源定位W3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)万维网联合会二．汉译英1．声卡是一块印刷电路板，它能把数字信息译为声音，也能把声音变为数字信息，它插在母板(计算机主电路板)上的槽内（slot），而且通常连接一对喇叭(speaker)Audiocardisapieceofprintedcircuitboards,whichcantranslatedigitalinformationintovoice,anditalsocantranslatevoiceintodigitalinformation,(itisplantedintheslotofthemainboard(themaincomputercircuitboards))itisalwayspluggedintoaslotonmain_boardandconnectedwithapairofspeakers.2．计算机是一种电子装置，它能接受一套指令或程序，并通过数据运算，或收集和联系其他形式的信息来执行该程序。Computerisakindofelectronicdevicewhichcanreceive(adopt)asetofinstructionsorprocedures,andcarryouttheproceduresthroughdatacomputing(calculation),orcollectingandcontacting(associationwith)otherformofinformation.3．IT机构早在XML和WebServices出现之前就成功地编制和部署了SOA应用程序。不过他们用模块化、可重复用部件、面向对象编程或应用编程接口等术语来谈论这个过程。虽然它们中没有一个是与SOA完全相同的，但它们都包含了SOA的一些方面.ITinstitutionhadsuccessfullyestablishedandworkedout(deployed)theSoAapplicationsbeforetheappearanceofXMLandWebServices.Buttheydiscussedtheprocesswithmodularandreusablecomponents,object-orientedprogrammingorapplicationprogramminginterfaceandotherterms.AlthoughnoneofthemisidenticalwiththeSOA,allofthemcontainsomeaspectsoftheSOA.4．本文提出了一种基于B/S架构的单点登录模型，为企业整合各种遗留系统提供了一种简单有效的单点登录方法。详细介绍了采用ActiveX控件和AD实现标准Windows应用（包括Ftp和Telnet）和B/S应用的单点登录的原理和方法。Inthisarticle,theauthoraddressedaB/Sstructure(architacture)basedsinglesignonmodelwhichprovideasimpleandeffectivesinglesignonmethodforenterprisestocombineallkindsoflegacysystems.Theauthorintroducedthetheoryandmethodofstandardwindowsapplications(includingftpandtelnet)andB/SapplicationsinglesignonmodelwithActiveXandADindetail.5．今天，RFID标签开始出现在很多产品上，例如，全世界销售的大多数新汽车山都配备了嵌入RFID标签的钥匙，每个标签含有唯一的识别码。Today,RFIDtagsbegantoemergeinmanyproducts,forexample,amajorityofthenewcarssoldintheworldcomeequippedwithkeysembeddedwithRFIDtagsthateachcontainsauniqueidentifier.6．根据软件工程原理，软件开发被分为软件需求规格说明、软件总体设计、软件详细设计、单元编码与测试以及软件集成等阶段，其中软件需求分析是最关键的一个阶段。(Accordingto)Undertheprincipleofsoftwareengineering(theory),softwaredevelopmentisdividedintosoftwarerequirementssp