01期末试卷A

《大学英语》课程期末A试卷考试形式闭卷考试用时2小时，本试卷共6页，另请加答题纸1张，草稿纸/张题号一二三四五六七八九十总分合分人得分PartI.Writing(10%)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledBuildingaHarmoniousSociety.YoushouldwriteontheAnswerSheetatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.为建设和谐社会，有些人主张最重要的是发展经济;2.另一些人则主张首要的是保护环境;3.我的看法。BuildingaHarmoniousSociety………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………PartII.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10%)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.FamilyPatternsTodayTheinstitutionoffamilyisundergoingradicaltransformation.Familiestodayaremorediverse(多样性),heterogeneous(庞杂的),andunstablethaninpreciousdecades.Someofthesetrendsare:Single-parentfamiliesAmongfamilieswithchildrenunderage18,nearly30percentwereheadedbyasingleparentin1991.Since1960,thisratenearlytripled,from9.1to28.6percent.Inaboutnineoutoftencases,single-parentfamiliesareheadedbywomen.Thisdrasticincreaseinsingle-parentfamiliesislargelyaccountedforbydivorceandout-of-wedlockbirths(未婚育).Between1970and1986,a135percentincreaseoccurredinchildrenlivingwithdivorcedmothersanda620percentincreaseinchildrenlivingwithmotherswhonevermarried.DivorceIntheUnitedStates,therateofdivorcehasmorethandoubledsince1960.Atcurrentrates,wecanexpectabouthalfofallmarriagestoendindivorce.Theincreaseinthedivorceratewasparticularlysteepinthe1960sand1970s.Theever-increasingdivorcerateisasourcenotonlyofsingleparentingbutalsoofseveralotherfamilyformsmorecommonnow.Remarriageintroducesstepparentsintochildren'slivesandcreatesthepossibilityofhavingseveralfamilies.Ofchildrenwhoseparentsdivorceandremarry,halfwillexperienceaseconddisruptiontofamilylifebeforereaching16.Out-of-wedlockbirthsWhileoveramillionchildrenseetheirparentsdivorceeachyear,wemustalsolookatout-of-wedlockbirthstounderstandthedramaticriseinsingle-parentfamilies.In1960,only5percentofallbirthsweretounmarriedparents.By1991,itwas29.5percent.Forwhites,from1960to1991,theincreasewasfrom2to22percent;forAfricanAmerican,from23to68.Out-of-wedlockbirthsareshowedbymanysocialanalystsinthehighpercentofchildrenlivinginpoverty,nowabove20percentforchildrenunder18(itwas14percentin1969).Whenachildisborntoanunmarriedteenager,theprobabilityoflong-termpoverty,oftenworsenedbydroppingoutofschool,isparticularlyhigh.LivingaloneIn1998,24.1percentofallhouseholdswereapersonlivingalone,comparedto13percentin1960.Thisisdueinparttoincreasedlifeexpectancy.Before55,themajoritylivingalonearemen;after55,theyarewomen.IntergenerationalresponsibilityThecurrentgenerationofparentsmust,inmanycases,balancecareofchildrenwithcarefortheirownagingparents.Itisestimatedthatwomencannowexpecttheirmotherstolive55yearsaftertheirownbirthand30to40yearsafterthebirthoftheirfirstchild.Manyanalystssuggestthatthisaddedpressuredisproportionatelytouchesthewomen,whoalreadycarrymajorresponsibilityfortheirownchildren.Perhapsthemostimportantissuethatemergesfromthesocialtrendsjustdescribedistheimpactoffamilyinstabilityandsingleparentingonchildren.Somearguethatsingle-parentfamiliesareadeficientformoffamilyfunctioning.Othersseethemasacourageous,desirablealternativetounhappytwo-parentfamilies.Onaverage,kidsfarebetterintwo-parentfamilies.Butasizablepercentageofchildreninsingle-parentfamiliesthrive,andmanyintwo-parentfamiliesdonot.Whatmattersmostregardlessoffamiliesstructureiswhathappenswithinthefamily.Particularlyimportantisthefamily'sabilitytosupportandnurture,minimizeconflict,practicedemocraticdecisionmaking,setandenforceboundaries,provideconsistentandpositiveformsofdisciplineandmodel,andencouragevaluesofcaringandresponsibility.Familiesshouldalsoprovideaccesstostructuredactivities(e.g.churchparticipation,clubs,注意：试卷内容请一律写在密封线框内，否则无效。共6页第1页organization,lessons)andastimulatingenvironmentforlearning(includingparentalinvolvementinschooling).Whileitissomewhateasiertodelivertheseintwo-parentfamilies,somesingle-parentfamiliesdosucceedbydrawingoninformalandformalsupportsystemsfromneighborhoods,schools,andchurches.Ourchallengeistodiscoverwaystomaximizethenumberofstrongtwo-parentfamiliesandsupportallfamilyeffortstoraisehealthychildren,includingeffortsbysingle-parentfamilies.Severalthemessuggestdirections:Reducedivorceandseparationrates.U.S.ratesareconsiderablyhigherthaninotherindustrializedcountries,andwemustbeginreversingthistrend.Greaterattentionmustbepaidtoprovidingsupportandincentiveforfamiliestoresolveconflictsandstaytogetherwhenfeasible.Marriageandparenteducationcanplayarole.Discourageout-of-wedlockbirths.Childrenborntounmarriedparentsareparticularlysusceptibletopoverty.Communitybasededucationaleffortstodescribetheperilstothisavenuetosingleparentingarecrucial.Schools,churches,andparentsmustbetheprimarycarriersofthismessage.Promoteresp