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Porphyry deposits: classification, distribution, geodynamic settings and intrusionsPorphyry deposits: classification, distribution, geodynamic settings and intrusionsChuquicamata, ChileChuquicamata, Chile斑岩型矿床:分类、分布、动力学背景和侵入体斑岩型矿床:分类、分布、动力学背景和侵入体Porphyry deposits –characteristics斑岩矿床的特征Porphyry deposits –characteristics斑岩矿床的特征Large tonnage and low grade bulk mineable deposits 大吨位低品位适于规模开采Large tonnage and low grade bulk mineable deposits 大吨位低品位适于规模开采Large volumes of hydrothermal alteration大规模的热液蚀变Large volumes of hydrothermal alteration大规模的热液蚀变Stockworkand breccia‐hosted ore网脉状和角砾状矿石Stockworkand breccia‐hosted ore网脉状和角砾状矿石Related to porphyritic intrusions与斑状侵入体相关Related to porphyritic intrusions与斑状侵入体相关Supergene enrichment表生富集Supergene enrichment表生富集E27Cu-Auporphyry,NSWCuMo(*10)Au(*10,000)钙碱性碱性高钾钙碱性岩浆中SiO2增加•早期形成的矿脉和蚀变矿物组合中磁铁矿含量递增•侵位深度的递减陆缘弧环境根据金属含量的分类ModifiedfromKesler(1973)andThompson(1994)Modified from Blevin, 2003Magma chemistry岩浆化学Cu ‐AuSn ±WMoWW ‐MoCu ‐MoSnIncreasingfractionation结晶分异作用增强Increasingoxidation氧化性增加Rb/SrFe2O3 /FeO10110010‐110‐110‐210‐3102101100103Metal endowment of intrusion‐related deposits controlled by the magma’s:•oxidation state•compositional evolution•silica contentAnhydrite phenocrystwith apatite inclusions, North Parkes, NSW与侵入岩有关矿床中金属组成端元受岩浆以下条件的控制•氧化态•成分演化•SiO2含量Aktogay‐AiderlyCerro ColoradoLa GranjaRadomiro TomicResolutionPimaCuajoneLone StarMorenci‐MetcalfRio Blanco –Los BroncesEl Teniente0102030405060708090Contained copper metal (Mt)BehemothianSuper‐giantOyu TolgoiGrasbergLos PelambresCu‐Mo depositsChuquicamataCollahuasiBinghamEscondidaEl SalvadorCu‐Au depositsButteCananeaRayCu‐Au‐Mo deposits204.3 Mt CuPebbleReko DiqLargest 25 PCDs ‐based on contained Cu (Mt)最大的25个斑岩矿床-根据Cu金属量(Mt)Location: porphyry Cu‐Mo deposits位置:斑岩型Cu‐Mo矿床Porphyry Cu‐MoNorthern ChileNorthern ChileAktogay‐AiderlyAktogay‐AiderlySouthern PeruSouthern PeruLa GranjaLa GranjaButteButteSW Arizona /SonoraSW Arizona /SonoraCentral ChileCentral ChileMap source: township, El Teniente, Chile Sewell township, El Teniente, Chile Largest deposits:Rio Blanco –Los Bronces:29.9 Gt@ 0.65 Cu (195.9 Mt Cu + 8.5 Mt past production)Rio Blanco –Los Bronces:29.9 Gt@ 0.65 Cu (195.9 Mt Cu + 8.5 Mt past production)El Teniente:16 Gt@ 0.554% Cu (93.6 Mt Cu) + 7.8 Gt@ 0.018% Mo (1.4 Mt Mo)El Teniente:16 Gt@ 0.554% Cu (93.6 Mt Cu) + 7.8 Gt@ 0.018% Mo (1.4 Mt Mo)Porphyry Cu‐Mo deposits 斑岩Cu‐Mo矿床(Au 0.1 g/t)Porphyry Cu‐Mo deposits 斑岩Cu‐Mo矿床(Au 0.1 g/t)Chuquicamata:7,521 Mt @ 0.55 wt% Cu, 0.024 wt% Mo, 0.04 g/t Au, (301 t Au)Chuquicamata:7,521 Mt @ 0.55 wt% Cu, 0.024 wt% Mo, 0.04 g/t Au, (301 t Au)Ok TediBatu HijauMinas CongaTampakanEscondidaEl TenienteGalore CreekAlumbreraFrieda RiverAtlasKal'makyrDalneyeFSE/LepantoKerr‐S‐M040080012001600200024002800Gold (tonnes)Cu‐Mo depositsCu‐Au depositsCu‐Au‐Mo depositsGrasbergBinghamOyu TolgoiCadia districtPebbleReko DiqWafi‐GolpuTujuhBukitCerro CasalePangunaElangLargest 25 Au‐rich PCD ‐contained Au (t)最大的25个富Au 斑岩矿床–含Au(t)Map source: ‐rich porphyry districts富金斑岩铜矿地区East SundaEast SundaAlmalykAlmalykPorphyry Cu‐Au斑岩型Cu‐Au矿床Oyu TolgoiOyu TolgoiCerroColoradoCerroColoradoBajo de laAlumbreraBajo de laAlumbreraMinas CongaMinas CongaReko DiqReko DiqCadiaCadiaPangunaPangunaPhilippinesPhilippinesPNG –Irian JayaPNG –Irian JayaGaloreCreekGaloreCreekDalneyeDalneyeCerro CasaleCerro CasaleLa EscondidaLa EscondidaPorphyry Cu‐Au‐Mo斑岩型Cu‐Au‐Mo矿床Bingham CanyonBingham CanyonSar ChesmehSar ChesmehPebblePebbleGold‐rich porphyry deposits 富金的斑岩矿床 0.4 g/t AuCadia Hill, October 2010Cadia Hill, October 2010Largest deposits:Largest deposits:Grasberg:3.37 Gt @ 0.87% Cu, 0.89 g/t Au (2,999 t Au)Grasberg:3.37 Gt @ 0.87% Cu, 0.89 g/t Au (2,999 t Au)Bingham Canyon:3,865 Mt @ 0.79 wt% Cu, 0.461 g/t Au (1,783 t Au)Bingham Canyon:3,865 Mt @ 0.79 wt% Cu, 0.461 g/t Au (1,783 t Au)Cadiadistrict:3,035 Mt @ 0.26% Cu, 0.45 g/t Au(1,365 t Au)Cadiadistrict:3,035 Mt @ 0.26% Cu, 0.45 g/t Au(1,365 t Au)Metallogenic belts: NE Pacific vsNW Pacific成矿带:太平洋东北岸vs太平洋西北岸Source: Sillitoe (2013)Metallogenic beltEpochs of porphyry deposit formation斑岩型矿床的形成时期Calc‐alkaline(钙碱性)High‐K calc‐alkaline(高K钙碱性)Alkalic(碱性)Magmatic affinityTectonic setting岩浆种类构造背景0100200300400500Age (Ma)Age (Ma)010020030040050001020Continental arc(陆缘弧)Island arc(岛弧)Collision zone(碰撞带)Arc of unknown type(不明类型弧)Datasource:KirkhamandDunne(1999)Environments of formation 形成环境•Shallow crustal (3 km) magmatic‐hydrothermal ore deposits 地壳浅部(3km)岩浆‐热液矿床•Compressional arc settings with active cross‐arc and/or arc‐parallel structures 挤压弧环境并具有活动的交叉弧和/或平行弧构造•Rapid uplift and exhumation –difficult to preserve supergene enrichment zones迅速抬升剥蚀‐次生富集带很难保存•Genetically associated with skarns, HS and IS/LS epithermal deposits (telescoping) 成因上与矽卡岩,高硫型,中硫或低硫型矿床相关(远景区)005 km5 kmPhilippine SeaPhilippine SeaBohol SeaBohol SeaL. MainitL. MainitNNImage courtesy of David Braxton and Anglo AmericanImage courtesy of David Braxton a
本文标题:DavidCooke斑岩型矿床分类、分布、构造、岩浆作用和
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