_字_的即用和_字_义的衍生_汉语语义编码以少胜多的奥秘

字的即用和字义的衍生!!!汉语语义编码以少胜多的奥秘严辰松(,471003)∀∀[∀],,,,,,∀∀[];;;[]H136[]A[]1003-7365(2010)05-0097-08,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,30,,,,#97#2010105ChineseLanguageLearningOct.,2010No.5++1.1:(1979),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:∀∀!!!,,∃%(5)8:∀∀!!!:∀∀!!!:∀∀!!!:∀∀!!!:∀∀!!!:∀∀!!!:∀∀!!!:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,∃%(5),,,,,,,,:(,)()(#98#2010105!!!Oct.,2010No.5),,,,,(entrenchment)(conventionalization)(2.2.1),,,1.2:,,,:,,,,,memory:,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1.3:1.3.1,,,,,,,#99#2010105ChineseLanguageLearningOct.,2010No.5,,,,,:∀∀!!!:,,:∀∀!!!,,,,1.3.2,,,,:∀∀!!!,gate,gate(Watergate)gate,IrangateCamillagateWheatgate,,,gate,gate,,-gate,(),,,,,,,(mini)(CocaCola)(hacker)(share):,,,+(utopia),,;(tractor),,,+,,,bar,,,(2010),,,,,#100#2010105!!!Oct.,2010No.5,,,,,:∀∀!!!,,bar,,+,,+,,,,,,,,,,,,(2004;1999),()(),cardtire(show)(cool)(copy),,,(2007),,,,,,2.1,30,,,,,,10,,:∀∀#101#2010105ChineseLanguageLearningOct.,2010No.520062009,420052008∃%,3171+254+359=784,:∀∀,+:2.2:;2.2.1:(abduction)(Hopper&Traugott1993;2010),,,,,,,,,,(),,,(folketymology),taxi,,,,,,bus,;model,,,,,,,,,,(Langacker2008),,,&&,,,,,,,#102#2010105!!!Oct.,2010No.52.2.2,,,,(+),,,,,(Michaelis2004)+,,,+,,,,,,,+,,,,(,;,):,,,,,,,#103#2010105ChineseLanguageLearningOct.,2010No.5,,,,,,,:[1].20[M].:,1999.[2].[J].,2010,(1).[3].[M].:,2008.[4],.[J].,2010,(1).[5].:[M].:,2004.[6].[J].,2000,(6).[7].[J].,2009,(2).[8].()[M].:,1979.[9].[J].,2007,(3).[10]Hopper,P.G.&E.C.Traugott.Grammaticalization[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1993.[11]Langacker,Ronald.CognitiveGrammar:ABasicIntroduction[M].Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2008.[12]Michaelis,L.A.Typeshiftinconstructiongrammar[J].CognitiveLinguistics,2004,(15).TheAdHocUsageandDerivationMeaningsofZiYANChenson(PLAUniversityofForeignLanguage,sLuoyangHenan471003)Abstrac:tInChinese,theeconomicuseofsymbolsinsemanticcodingisachievedthroughtwothings.OneisthattheminimalstructuralandsemanticunitZiacquirestemporalmeaninginitsadhocusage.TheotheristhatZievolvesderivativemeaningsthroughabbreviation,metaphororsynonymy,importationfromwithinoroutsidethelanguage.BothenhancesZi∋samountofoccurrenceandreferentialpower,addingtoitspotentialforsemanticcoding.Thederivationofnewmeaningsismotivatedbyhighdemandofnewwordsandmeaningsinrapidsocia,leconomicandculturaldevelopmen,tandalsodependsonthecognitivemechanismslikeanalogyandentrenchment.Keywords:Zi();semanticcoding;adhocusage;derivativemeaning#104#2010105!!!Oct.,2010No.5