单晶太阳能电池板

Unit3Memory•Humanbeingshaveamazingmemories.Apartfromallourpersonalmemoriesaboutourownlives,wecanrecallbetween20,000and100,000wordsinourownlanguageaswellaspossiblythousandsmoreinaforeignlanguage.Wehaveallsortsofinformationaboutdifferentsubjectssuchashistory,science,andgeography,andwehavecomplexskillssuchasdrivingacarorplayingamusicalinstrument.Allthesethingsandcountlessothersdependonourmemory.•Howwellyourememberthingsdependsonmanydifferentfactors.•Firstly,somepeoplenaturallyhavebettermemoriesthanothers,injustthesamewayassomepeoplearetallerthanothers,orhavedifferentcoloreyes.Sometopchessplayers,forexample,canremembereverymoveofeverygamethattheyhaveeverseenorplayed.•Secondly,researchshowsthatdifferentthingsarestoredindifferentpartsofthebrain.Ideas,words,andnumbersarestoredintheleft-handside,whiletheright-handsideremembersimages,sounds,andsmells.Inmostpeopleonesideofthebrainismoredevelopedthantheother,andthismayexplainwhysomepeoplecanrememberpeople'sfaceseasily,butcan'tremembertheirnames.•Thirdly,weallrememberexciting,frightening,ordramaticeventsmoreeasily.Thisisbecausetheseexperiencesproducechemicalssuchasadrenaline,whichboostyourmemory.•Fourthly,thecontextinwhichyoulearnsomethingcanaffecthowwellyourememberit.Testsondivers,forexample,showedthatwhentheylearnedthingsunderwater,theycouldalsorememberthosethingsbestwhentheywereunderwater.•Lastly,themoreoftenyourecallamemorythemorelikelyyouaretorememberit.Ifyoudon'tuseit,you'llloseit.Atelephonenumberthatyoudialfrequentlywillstayinyourmemoryeasily,butyouwillprobablyhavetowritedownonethatyouuseonlynowandagain.•1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?•2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?•3.Whichofthefollowingisstatedtobetrue?•4.Whycanwerememberexciting,dramatic,orfrighteningeventsbetter?•Tomanypeopleadvancingagemeanslosingyourhairandyourmemory.Butisittruethattheolderyouget,thelessyouremember?•Actually,inhealthypeople,memorydoesn'tdeteriorateasquicklyasmanyofusthink.Asweage,ourmemorymechanismisn'tbroken,it'sjustdifferent.Thebrain'sprocessingtimeslowsdownovertheyears.Recentresearchsuggeststhatnervecellsloseefficiencyandthatthere'slessactivityinthepartofthebrainthatdecideswhethertostoreinformationornot.•Therearestepsyoucantaketoimproveyourmemory,thoughyouhavetoworktokeepyourbraininshape.•Somememoryenhancementexpertssuggestwepayattentiontowhatwewanttoremember.Thengivesomemeaningtoit.Werememberthingswhenwefocusonthem,whetherweintendtoornot.•Basicorganizationhelpsusremembertheboringstuff.Forexample,ratherthantryingtorecallarandomlistofgroceries,wecandividethemintocategories,suchasdairy,meat,andproduce.Forimportantthingslikekeysandmoney,wecansetupaforget-me-notspotwherewealwayskeepthem.•Wecanalsoeattoaidourmemorypower.Wholegrains,fruitsandvegetablesareexcellentsourcesofglucose,thebrain'spreferredfuel.•Togetadequaterestisalow-techwaytoimprovememory.Sleepmayallowourbraintimetoencodememories.Interestinfriends,familyandhobbiesdoeswondersforourmemory.Asenseofpassionorpurposehelpsusremember.Memoryrequiresustopayattentiontoourlives,allowingustodiscoverinthemeverythingworthremembering1.Whichofthefollowingcanwelearnfromthepassage?2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpimproveourmemoryaccordingtothepassage?3.Whatshouldwedotoaidourmemorypoweraccordingtothepassage?unit4DealingwithCulturalDifferences•1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?•2.WhomightbethepeopleRobandKatemetinvariouscountries?•3.WhatcanweinferaboutKateandRobfromtheconversation?•4.WhichcountrieshasKatevisited,accordingtotheconversation?•5.WhichcountrieshasRobvisited,accordingtotheconversation?•6.Whatisthemainmessagethatthespeakerswanttotellus?•Interviewer:Rob,youwenttoBrazil,didn'tyou?•Rob:Yes,Idid.•Interviewer:So,whathappened?•Rob:Well,Iwentintothismeetingandtherewereabout,er...sevenoreightpeopleinthereandIjustsaidHellotoeverybodyandsatdown.Apparently,whatIshouldhavedoneistogoroundtheroomshakinghandswitheveryoneindividually.Well,youknow,it'ssillyofmebecauseIfoundoutlateritupseteveryone.IthinktheyfeltIwastakingthemforgranted.•Kate:Well,IknowthatbecausewhenIwasinFrancethefirsttime,IfinishedameetingwithGoodbye,everyone!toallthepeopleintheroom.Well,Ilaterfoundoutthatthepolitethingtodoisshakehandswitheveryoneinthegroupbeforeleaving.•Interviewer:Well,peopleshakehandsindifferentways,don'tthey?•Rob:Oh,yes,theydo.See,normallyIshakehandsquitegentlywhenImeetsomeone.SowhenIwenttotheUSforthefirsttime,Ithinkpeopletherethoughtmyweakhandshakewasasignofweakness.Apparently,peopletheretendtoshakehandsquitefirmly.•Kate:Oh,gosh,thatremindsmeofmyfirsttriptoGermanymanyyearsago,Iwasintroducedtothebossinthecompanywhenhepassedusinthecorridor.Well,Iwasn'tprepared,andIhadmylefthandinmypocket.AndwhenweshookhandsIrealizedmylefthandwasstillinmypocket.Well,thatwas,youknow,verybadmannersandIwasquiteembarrassed.•Interviewer:Andhowaboutusingfirstnames?Haveyoumadeanymistakesthere?•Rob:Oh,yes,Ihave!WhenIfirstwenttoItalyIthoughtitwasOKtouseeveryone'sfirstnamesoastoseemfriendly.AndIlaterdiscoveredthatinbusinessyoushouldn'tusesomeone'sfirstnameunlessyouareinvitedto.Oh,andyoushouldalway