英语泛读教程第二册(第三版)Unit4 Migratory Birds and Coffee

``````Unit41.migratorybird候鸟2.shade-grown阴地生长的,遮阳植物下生长的3.conservation保护4.sanctuary:placeofprotection避难所5.habitat栖息地6.warbler刺嘴莺7.redstart红尾鸲8.woodcreeper旋木雀9.canopy:shelter遮盖，天蓬，苍穹10.chemicalfertilizer化肥11.insecticide杀虫剂12.herbicide除草剂13.fungicide杀菌剂14.pesticide杀虫剂15.agronomic农学的；农艺的---agronomy农学；农艺学；农业管理16.permanent永久的17.avifauna（一个地区或国家的）鸟类18.convertto:changeinto转变，改变19.becompatiblewith和...一致，相容20.maintenance---maintain保持21.overstory(Arch.)(Obs.):anupperstory上层；上层的understory下层；下层的22.indigenous本土的，国产的23.agroforestry农林学24.mulch林地覆盖物，护根物25.landerosion土壤流失26.nutrient营养成分27.toxicity毒性28.reserve保护区29.biologicaldiversity生物多样性30.orchid蓝科植物31.amphibian两栖动物32.refuge避难所33.rival相比，竞争34.inthat：because因为35.benign适宜的，良性的，和蔼的36.respectively各自的，分别的37.revenue年产量38.agribusiness作为现代商业经营的农业；农业商业化；农业产业化39.cacao可可(树)(cacaobeans)40.run-off(technical):rainorotherliquidthatflowsofflandintorivers径流；径流量；溢流41.run-off（生产过程中排出的）废物；废液eg.burstforarun-off急着要小便42.time-honored[onlybeforenoun]历史悠久的；因古老而受到尊重的43.technify技术化；使技术化---technifiedcoffee技术化咖啡种植44.acidification酸化45.micro-climate微气候46.resident留鸟；无迁徙习性的动物47.deliberate:thoughtful故意的，深思熟虑的48.makeendsmeet维持生计49.cropland田地，耕地，农田50.cashcrop经济作物51.safeguard:protect保护52.temperate温带的，温和的53.intensivemanagement集约化管理54.endangered濒临灭绝的55.ponder:think思考56.revert改回；变回；恢复使用；重新使用；再次采用57.rodenticide杀鼠剂，灭鼠药58.concoction调制品，调和物---concoct调制；配置；混合59.organochlorine有机氯；有机氯杀虫剂60.mart(AmE):amarketorshoppingcentre市场；购物中心61.vergeonempty接近没有；差不多没有；快光了；快用完了62.Neotropical新热带的（指中南美洲的）63.stopover中途停留地64.suburbia郊区65.antibody抗体RedstartWoodcreeperBlack-throatedgreenwarblerParrotredstarts红尾鸲7Black-throatedgreenwarbler黑喉绿刺嘴莺8woodcreeper旋木雀9Migratorybirds:很多鸟类具有沿纬度季节迁移的特性，夏天的时候这些鸟在纬度较高的温带地区繁殖，冬天的时候则在纬度较低的热带地区过冬。夏末秋初的时候这些鸟类由繁殖地往南迁移到渡冬地，而在春天的时候由渡冬地北返回到繁殖地。这些随着季节变化而南北迁移的鸟类称之为「候鸟」(migrant)。•Doyoulikedrinkingcoffee?•Therearetwokindsofcoffeeplantations:•ShadecoffeeplantationVS.suncoffeeplantationSuncoffeeplantationShadecoffeeplantationPart1(Para.1)Part2(Para.2-17)Part3(Para.18)12Para.1:Coffeeplantationsupportgoodpopulationsofmigratorybirdsandotherspeciesthatpreferorarerestrictedtoforesthabitats.Para.2:shadecoffeeplantationisathreatenedhabitatbecauseofrecentchangesincoffeeproductionandmarketing.Para.3:thedangercausedbyconversionfromshadecoffeeplantationtosuncoffeeplantationtomigratorybirds.Para.4:shadecoffeeplantationisbeneficialtothesubsistenceofmigratorybirds.Para.5:assertionbyJ.T.“coffeeandcacaomakegoodmigranthabitat.”Para.6:constitutionofatraditionally-managedcoffeeplantationPara.7:functionsofshadetreesPara.8:traditionalcoffeeplantationscanbethoughtasmodifiedforesthabitats.Para.9:largecoverageofcoffeeplantationoftheareathatareheavilyusedbymigratorybirds.Para.10:otherindicatorsoftheimportantceofcoffeeplantations.Para.11:functionsofshadetreesinL.AandC.Para.12:maincoffeeproducingandconsumingareas.Para.13:theeconomicalvalueofcoffee.Para.14-15:requirementsanddisadvantagesofsuncoffeeplantation.Para.16:producingcoffeeinatraditinalwaycanbringawin-winsituation.Para.17:crisisincoffeeproductioninsomeareas.Para.18:conclusion:restatethemaitainaceofmigratorybirdsrelynotonlyontheconservationhabitatsbutalsothequalityofhuman-managedhabitats.(ll.4-5)Agreaternumberisfoundinotheragriculturalhabitats,andexceededonlyinundisturbedtropicalforests.•在农业栖息地，发现的鸟类数目更大，只有未受侵扰的热带森林才会超过这个数目。17(ll.5-6)Eveninverydisturbedareas,coffeeplantationssupportgoodpopulationsofmigratorybirdsandotherspeciesthatpreferorarerestrictedtoforesthabits,suchasredstartsandblack-throatedgreenwarblers,andresidentsincludingparrotsandwoodcreepers.•即使在受到较大侵扰的地区，咖啡种植园也滋养着为数可观的喜欢或仅限于森林栖息地的候鸟和其他物种，如红尾鸲和黑喉绿莺，以及包括鹦鹉和旋木雀在内的留鸟。18•(ll.11-12)Whilethismannerofcultivationproducesincreasedyields,thesecannotbekeptformanyyearswithoutintensivemanagement(additionsofchemicalfertilizersandarangeofinsecticides,herbicidesandfungicides).•虽然这样的种植方式提高了产量，但是如果没有集约化管理（增加化肥和各种除虫剂、除草剂和杀真菌剂），这样的产量是无法维持很多年的。19(l.48)Traditionalcoffeeplantationscanbethoughtofasmodifiedforesthabits.•可以将传统的咖啡种植园看成经过改造的森林栖息地。•传统的咖啡种植园可以看成改进的森林栖息地。20(ll.48-50)Evidencesuggeststhatup-mountainandnorthwardmovementsaretimedtotakeadvantageoftheblossomingofplantationtrees.•有证据显示，向山区和向北移动是依时而为，为的是利用种植园树木的花期。21(ll.81-85)Whiletechnifiedcoffeemaymeanbenefitstoproducersintermsoftotalcropoutput…therelentlesspushofagribusinesstoproducemorecoffeeperunitareamayhaveseriousenvironmentalandsocialconsequences.•虽然经过技术改造的咖啡对生产者来说可能意味着总产量方面的收益……但是一味推进农业产业化从而使得单位面积的咖啡产量更高的做法可能带来严重的环境和社会后果。221.Whatisthetraditionalwayofplantingcoffee?2.Whataretheadvantagesoftraditionalcoffeeplantations?3.Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsuncoffeeproduction?4.Whatarethehiddenforcesthatareresponsiblefortheemergenceofthenewmodeofproduction?5.Istheresuchasimilarsituationinyourhometownthatpeopleabandontheiroldgoodwaysoflifeandproductioninfavorofthosetrendystyles?23MigratorybirdsandtraditionalcoffeeplantationsarecloselyrelatedinNorthandLatinAmerica.Theformerreliesonthelatter.Migratorybirdscan