翻译技巧(怎样做英语翻译)

词性转换conversionⅠ．汉语与英语各自的词性转换Youcanhappyyourfriend,maliceorfootyourenemy,orfallanaxeonhisneck.adj.---v.1.现在分词和过去分词2.与动词同根词3.表示知觉、感情、欲望等表示心理状态的形容词例１：Thepeopleofthetwocountriesseekadeep-rootedunderstandingthroughthemultiplicationofoureconomicandculturalties.例２：WefindwelcomeemphasisontheprinciplesoftheequalityofstatusallovertheworldinChina’sapproachtorelationswithothercountries.例３：Everybodypresentwasunwareofwhathadhappenedintheearlierdays.adv.---v.例１：Janeisout.例２：Theworkersareout.例３：She’dbedowninalittle.英语中名词转换成动词例1：For20yearstheywerepassivewitnessestothedeteriorationofpricesofourrawmaterialsandanexcessiveincreaseofthepricesofmanufacturedgoods.例２：Wealsorealizedthegrowingneedandnecessitytoindustrializecertainsectorsofeconomy.例３：Thereisabigincreaseforallkindsofconsumergoodsineverypartofourcountry.例４：Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfiledmewithspeciallonging.例５：I’mafraidIcannotteachyouskating.IthinkTomisabetterteacherthanI.例６：Sheisawell-knownsinger.Someofmyclass-matesaregoodsingers.例８：tohavearesttohavealook例９：Thepessimisticforecastspeaksofthedestructionofthebalanceofnature----pollution,wasteandhunger.例１０：Thevictoryofjusticeoverarbitraryacts,ofreasonoverdecadenceandblindness,ofdemocracyoverimperialism,ofgoodoverevil,ourvictoryof25Octoberwillrepresentoneofthegloriouspagesinhistory.Prep.---v.例１：Chinaisin.例２：Inviewofhumanhistory,thiscouldbeaslightenoughhope.例３：Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.转换成名词v.---n.Independentobservershavecommentedfavorablyontheachievementyouhavemadeinthisdirection.adj.---n.Aweekafterthepresident’svisittoChina,ChinawasininAmerica.词义引申1、什么是词义引申？2、依据例1：ThecarinfrontofmestalledandImissedthegreen.例2：Athreatenedkinginchessmustbeprotected.例3：Anotherfactorinthedevelopmentofdermatologyhasbeenthegrowthofsocieties,regionalandnational,atwhichmuchcross-fertilizationofmindstookplace.1、词义引申的范围A.将词义做抽象化引申例1：Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns.例2：Shefeltthatthismomentofinterviewforherfirstjobwasatremendousinchinherwholeexistence.例3：Asfarastheheadgoes,atlease,shedoescredittotheeducationalsystempursuedatmyestablishment.B.将词义做具体化引申例：WhentheSheridanswerelittle,theywereforbiddentosetfoottherebecauseoftherevoltinglanguageandofwhatmightcatch.C.适当运用成语例1：Istoodthere,mywholeattentionfixeduponthemotionsofherfinggers.例2：DrewPearson,a-thirty-four-year-oldreporter,describedthem“ragged,wearyandapathetic”with“nohopeontheirfaces”.D.变换表达方式例1：Thislittle,frailoldman…soughtcomfortinthepast.Hewasbewilderedbythepresent,andafraidofthefuture.例2：Itisano-windilemma.定语的翻译（一）例1：Hewearscottonunderpants.例2：Shetakesinstraycatswhohavenohome.例3：Well!That’saninterestingidea.例4：Yourselfishbrothertookalltheicecream.例5：Iamtakingtheseflowerstomysickneighbor.定语的翻译（二）例1：Mycarisinmyparkingspace.例2：Theunfriendlywaitermadeourmealunpleasant.例3：Thehunterwadedacrosstheshallowriver.例4：Whataterriblethingtohavehappened!定语的翻译(三)例1:Thedishonestmanvictimizedanoldladybycheatingher.例2:Heeatsunhealthyfoodfulloffat.例3:ThatbookisataleabouttheOldSouth.例4:Iturnedonthelightsinadarkroom.增译法一、定义：是指根据英汉两种语言的不同思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译是增添一些词、短语或句子，以便更准确的表达出原文所包含的意义。二、英译汉：增加的动词比较多汉译英：增加连词，介词，冠词三、目的：译文语法结构的完整，保证译文意思的明确四、动词、形容词、副词、名词、语气助词、量词、表复数的词和表时间的词例1：Mywork,myfamily,myfriendsweremorethanenoughtofillmytime.(增加动词)例2：Nowandthenhisbootsshone.(增加副词)例3：“Thisisgraspingatstraws,Iknow,”saidthehelplessman.例4：Hebegantoseethingsandtounderstand.例5：Hewaswrinkledandblack,withscantgrayhair.例6:Veryacuteproblemsexistamongthem.例7:IknewitquitewellasIknowitnow.例8:Thistoowasacompletelie.例9:“AllthatmadethisChristmasDaywasmyknowingitwas.”五、根据句法的需求甚至可以增加主语和谓语，增加一个主句（口语）例10：Whataboutcallinghimrightaway?例11：IfonlyIcouldseetherealizationofthefourmodernizations.省略法（omission）与增译法相反，省略法就是删去不符合目标语思维习惯，语言习惯和表达方式的词1、you：常常繁殖所以在译文中往往可以省略例：Youcannevertell.Afteryou.2、Heshruggedhisshoulders,shookhishead,castuphiseyesbutsaidnothing.3、连接词（并列、原因、条件、时间）例1：Icandoit,andsocanyou.例2：Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?例3：Asthetemperatureincrease,thevolumeofwaterbecomesgreater.4、冠词例1：Thehorseisausefulanimal.例2：Ateachershouldhavepatienceinhiswork.练习1、Heateanddrank,forhewasexhausted.2、“Itwillmakeamanofhim，”saidJack,“collegeistheplace.”3、MotherinsistedtothisdaythatshethoughtIwasjustjoking.4、Nobodycouldcountonhisrestrainorrationality.