专业英语科技英文写作中的常见问题

科技英文写作中的常见问题1.“a,an,the”Examplesofincorrectusages:IncorrectFigure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonsurfaceofmainandsplitterblades.CorrectFigure2showsthedistributionofrelativevelocityonthesurfaceofthemainandsplitterblades.IncorrectThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobea3Dmodelingtool;itisgoodatdealingwithfreesurfacesandcurves.CorrectThesoftwarePowerSHAPEischosentobethe3Dmodelingtool;itisgoodatdealingwithfreesurfacesandcurves.a,an,the的用法不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源1)表示“一个”Thereisabookonthetable.2)代表一类人或物Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.Mr.Smithisanengineer.定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。定冠词的用法:1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.2）上文提到过的人或事：Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，theearth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：thedollar;thefox；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich;theliving。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.That'stheverythingI'vebeenlookingfor.6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全体教师Theyareteachersofthisschool.指部分教师7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前Shecaughtmebythearm.8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：thePeople'sRepublicofChina,theUnitedStates9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：Sheplaysthepiano.10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water,field,country),inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre冠词口诀冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“—”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前单数可数名词前必须要加冠词复数可加可不加，意思不同不可数名词可以加定冠词，用于特指2.Prefacingthemainideaofasentencebystatingthepurpose,locationorreasonfirstIncorrectFortheapplicationinautomobileinteriors,thispaperstudiesthenestingoptimizationprobleminleathermanufacturing.CorrectThispaperstudiesthenestingoptimizationprobleminleathermanufacturingforapplicationinautomobileinteriors.IncorrectToensuresheetmetalqualityaswellasassemblyquality,CMMsarewidelyusedinautomotiveindustryproduction.CorrectCMMsarewidelyusedinautomotiveindustryproductiontoensuresheetmetalqualityaswellasassemblyquality.3.TendencyofplacingphraseswhichindicatetimeatthebeginningofasentenceIncorrectWhenUistakenasthecontrolparameter,theBDsforΔ=0.0,0.001,0.005areshowninFig.8.CorrectFigure8showstheBDsforΔ=0.0,0.001,and0.005whenUistakenasthecontrolparameter.4.PlacethemostimportantsubjectatthebeginningofthesentenceforemphasisIncorrectBasedonthetriangulationstructurebuiltfromunorganizedpointsoraCADmodel,theextendedSTLformatisdescribedinthissection.4CorrectTheextendedSTLformatisdescribedinthissectionbasedonthetriangulationstructurebuiltfromunorganizedpointsoraCADmodel.5.‘Inthispaper’,‘inthisstudy’Twoerrorsoccurwhenthesephrasesareused.Thefirstisoveruse.InsomepaperswrittenbyChinese,thesephrasescanoccurasmuchastwiceperpage.InpaperswrittenbynativeEnglishwritersthesephrasesarereservedforprimarilytwouses1.Intheintroductionandconclusiontoemphasizethecontentofthepaper.2.Inthebodyofthepaper,afterreferringtoworknotdonebytheauthorsuchasinotherjournalarticlesorinstandard.Therefore,ifeitherphraseoccursmorethanthreetimesinapaper,itsuseisquestionable.Theseconderrorismoresubtle.Thetwophrasesareinterchanged.AwkwardInthispaper,IDEASwasusedto….CorrectInthisstudy,IDEASwasusedto….The‘study’istheworktheauthor/sdid.Thepaperisthemodetopresentthisworkandiswhatthereaderisholding/reading.Keepinmindthewritercanalsouseotherphrasessuchas‘inthisresearch’,and‘thispaperpresent’.6.NumbersandEquationsTwoverycommonerrorsarethoseconcerningthepresentationofArabicnumerals,andequations.ChinesewritersusuallywriteArabicnumeralsinsteadofspellingouttheword.TheuseofArabicnumerals,itself,isnotanerrorhowever;theyshouldneverbeusedatthebeginningofsentences.Incorrect12parameterswereselectedfortheexperiment.CorrectTwelveparameterswereselectedfortheexperiment.Inaddition,Arabicnumeralsareoverused.Arabicnumeralsshouldbeusedtogivedataintechnicalpapers,howevertheyshouldnotbeusedtogivegeneralinformation.IncorrectAll3studiesconcludedthatthemeantemperatureshouldbe30°C.CorrectAllthreestudiesconcludedthatthemeantemperatureshouldbe30°C.7.‘suchas’and‘etc.’Suchasmeans‘forexample’andimpliesthatanincompletelistwillfollow;etc.means‘andsoon’andisusedattheendofalisttoshowitisnotcomplete.Therefore,usingsuchasandetc.togetherisredundant.IncorrectStudiesofmethodologyandprocessofimplementingremanufacturingmainlyfocusondurableproductssuchasautomobilemotors,printers,andetc.CorrectStudiesofmethodologyandprocessofimplementingremanufacturingmainlyfocusondurableproductssuchasautomobilemotors,andprinters.Suchasmeansthatanincompletelistwillbegivenandshouldnotbeusedwhenacompletelistisgiven.IncorrectComparedtotraditionalindustry,Micro-electronicfabricationhasthreecharacteristicssuchashighcomplexity,highprecisionandhighautomation.CorrectComparedtotraditionalindustry,Micro-electronicfabricationhasthreecharacteristics:highcomplexity,highprecisionandhighautomation.8.Verylongsentences