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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 职称英语阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧
专业技术人员以英语为工具,主要通过阅读获取相关学科和专业的信息,因此,全国专业技术职称英语等级考试也主要是考阅读理解。从考试题型来看,主要是多项选择题。该题型在职称英语等级考试中占15题,45分(占总分的45%)。另外,全国专业技术职称英语等级考试中还采用了阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、补全短文和选择填空等题型,它们实质上也是考核阅读能力的题型。由此可见,为了通过全国专业技术职称英语等级考试,必须掌握最基本的阅读技能,努力提高阅读理解能力。全国职称英语等级考试大纲就阅读理解能力的考核目标作了如下规定:读者应能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解本专业的或一般内容的英语书面材料。阅读能力主要包括下列几个方面:1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意;2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节;3.利用上下文猜测某些词汇和短语的意义;4.既理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文之间的意义关系;5.根据所读材料进行判断和推论;6.领会作者的观点、意图和态度。根据考试大纲规定的考核目标,我们归纳出相应的六种阅读理解题的类型,并具体地探讨如何答好这些阅读理解题。1.掌握所读材料的主旨和大意掌握所读材料的主旨和大意是正确理解全文的关键。对主题思想的提问是阅读理解测试的必考题。但提问方式及用词都有差异,这类题常见提问方式可归纳如下:1.Themainideaofthispassageis_______2.Thispassagetellsus_______3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizestheauthor'smainpoint?5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?6.Thesubjectmatterofthisselectionis______7.Thepassagemainlydiscusses_______8.Thispassageillustrates______9.Thisparagraphcenters/focuseson______10.Thispassagemainlydealswith______11.Thispassageischieflyconcernedwith______12.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis_______13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?14.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?15.Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis解答这一类题目的基本方法如下:A.找出主题句。首先要读标题,因为标题往往是主题句中的核心词或概括性的词。抓住全文中心思想的最快捷的途径就是找出主题句。主题句一般位于文章或段落的开始,然后围绕主题展开论述。因为许多作者喜欢采用从一般到个别的论证或叙述方式,即演绎法(deduction)。这是一种很常见的文章或段落的写作形式。若作者采用归纳法(induction),即从个别到一般来论证或叙述,主题旬就会位于段末。除此之外,主题句还有可能位于段落的中间。找到主题句后,就应以它为标准,在解题时,凡是与主题句意思最接近的选项必然是正确的答案。例1Inrockmusicthereisadistinctandalmostoverwhelmingbeat.Nosinglebeatischaracteristicofthemusictoday.Buteachsonghasaneasilyrecognizablerhythm.Asyoulistentoason9,yourfootusuallystartstopickupthebeat.Beforelon9,yourentirebodyseemstobemovingwithit.Yourheadpoundswiththebeat,andthereisnoroomforthought.Onlythesurgeofthemusicisimportant.Initsownway,rockmusicisasdominantastherockGibraltar.Itsmessageisanevergrowingemotionalone.在这一段文章中“Inrockmusicthereisadistinctandalmostoverwhelmingbeat.”为主题句。beat则是句子的信息核心。该词在第2、4、6句里重复出现,而第3句中的“rhythm”(节奏)跟“beat”(强烈的节奏)意思基本一致,这就保证了主题平稳而持续的发展。请注意:第8、9句作者重申并总结了主题句,而不是说段末是主题句。例2Thevegetableandfruitandflowermerchantsaresurroundedbybasketsofpurpleeggplants,greenpeppers,stringsoftinysilveryonions,headsofbitterIndianspinach.andadozenIndianvegetablesforwhichIdon’tevenknowtheEnglishnames.IhadforgottenabouttheprofusionoffruitinIndia—itisonlyduringthebriefintensesummerthatyouseemuchvarietyoffruitinMoscow.InRussia,aswinterapproachesallvegetablesexceptforpotatoesandthepervasivecabbageinsoupseemtodisappearfromthemenus.主题句在中间的第二句“IhadforgottenabouttheprofusionoffruitinIndia—itisonlyduringthebriefintensesummerthatyouseemuchvarietyoffruitinMoscow.”例3Peopleliveincitiestodaythinkthatmeatissomethingthatcomeswrappedincellophane.fromthesupermarket,potatoescomebythepoundinplasticorpaperbags,andfeathergrowsinhats.Thecitydwellers’viewsarequitedifferentfromtheviewsoftheirancestors,whoknewthat?meatishunteddownintheforest,potatoesareplantedandweeded,andonlybirdscanproduce1eathers.Yet,whetherpeopletodayrealizeitornot,theyarestillasdependentonanimalsandplantsfortheirexistenceastheirancestorswere.主题句为最后一句“Yet,whetherpeopletodayrealizeitornot,theyarestillasdependentonanimalsandplantsfortheirexistenceastheirancestorswere.”以上为叙述的方便并考虑到篇幅的限制,只选单段短文为例。实际上阅读理解题中大部分是多段短文。但主题句一般出现在起始段。B.概括和归纳出主题思想。实际上,在阅读理解测试部分有的文章是没有主题句的。这是由于文章的体裁不同或是由于阅读的短文是从篇幅较长的文章中节选的。这时就要靠读者自己进行概括或归纳隐含的主题思想了。概括主题可以从归纳每段的要点开始(大部分阅读理解短文都是由数段组成),最后将各段要点集中概括并归纳出全文的主题思想。下面不妨考察几个例子:例4Abusdrivermustanswerquestionswhileguidingabusthroughheavytraffic.Alldaylong,thedriveranswersthesamequestionswithoutbecomingangry.Everyfewminutesabusdriverhastoaskpassengerstosteptotherearofthebus.Inspiteoftrafficsnarlsandthoughtlesspassengerswhocausedelays,abusdriverisexpectedtocoverhisorherrouteonschedule.这一段的隐含主题句可概括为“Drivingabusishardwork.”例5AgreenI-538formisusedbyinternationalstudentsinordertoobtainpermissionfromtheImmigrationandNaturalizationServicetotransferfromoneuniversitytoanotherintheUnitedStates.Ifyouareplanningtotransfer,rememberthatyoumustobtainthepermissionbeforeleavingtheuniversitywhereyouarecurrentlystudying.YoumustcompletetheformI-538,haveitsignedbytheforeignstudentadvisor,andsubmitittotheDistrictOfficeoftheImmigrationandNaturalizationServicetogetherwiththeformI-20fromthenewschoolandthesmall,whiteformI-94thatwasaffixedtoyourpassportwhenyouenteredthecountry.Submittingthesigned1-538andotherdocumentsdoesnotinsurepermissiontotransfer.OnlyanofficialofImmigrationcandecideeachcase.StudentswhohavenotcompletedonetermofstudyattheschoolthatissuedthemtheirfirstI-20arenotadvisedtofileforpermissiontotransferuntiltheyhavecompletedoneterm.这篇短文的隐含主题旬可归纳为“Whatshouldaninternationalstudentd0.ifheorshewantstotransferfromoneuniversitytoanotherintheUnitedStates.’’2.了解阐述主旨的事实和细节为了准确理解每篇文章或每段文章的中心思想,我们必须要找到与中心思想有关的事实和细节。一个好的作者必然会引用事实、或分析原因、或对比事物间的关系等以论证自己的论点。常用以提问这类事实和细节的问题有两种。一种是要求找出文章中的重要事实或细节,这些常与wh0,when,where,which或why有关。另一种问题是辨认哪些细节在文章中没被提及。这些问题常有except,not(mentioned/true),least等。例如:1.Whatcauses?2.Somepeopledosth.because__________3.Sb.is…because________.4.Whydoesth
本文标题:职称英语阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧
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