高中高考英语语法复习——定语从句

高考英语语法复习之定语从句观察意义对等的英汉句子，找出句子的对应部分People,Awhotakemedicinetoloseweight,Baremostlikelytoharmtheirhealth,C.服用药物减肥的,a人,b很可能损害他们的健康,c。1英语和汉语中定语从句有什么区别？【答案】A—b;B—a;C—c。1英语中定语从句放修饰词后，作后置定语，以引导词作为标志；汉语中定语从句放修饰词前，以“的”为标志。翻译下列句子，把定语从句的引导词进行分类1.Allthatglittersisn'tgold.2.Viennaisaplacewheretopmusiciansgather.2定语从句有哪些引导词，引导词分为几类？发光的不一定都是金子。引导词that是关系代词维也纳是顶尖音乐家的聚集地。引导词that，those是关系代词3.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.4.Gonearethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.2自助者天助。引导词where是关系副词。老师受歧视的日子一去不复返了。引导词where，when是关系副词。2定语从句的引导词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词有that，which,who，whom，whose，as；常见的关系副词有when,why,where。使用规范的答题步骤，确定各个定语从句的引导词1.Thisistheschool_________________Ivisitedtenyearsago.3怎样确定引导词？That/which/省略【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为Ivisitedtenyearsago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作visited的宾语，因先行词为物，故引导词用that，which或省略。2.Thisistheschool_____________Iworkedtenyearsago.3Where/inwhich【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为Iworkedtenyearsago，从句的谓语动词为worked，先行词在从句中作worked的状语，因先行词为地点，故用where或inwhich。3.Thisistheschool__________hasagoodreputationinandoutofChina.3which/that【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为hasagoodreputationinandoutofChina，从句的谓语动词为has，先行词在从句中作has的主语，因先行词为物，故用which/that。4.Thisistheschool__________teachingbuildingsareofancientstyle.3whose【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为teachingbuildingsareofancientstyle，从句的谓语动词为are，先行词在从句中既不单独作主语，也不作宾语，也不作状语，但与主语teachingbuildings有所属关系，故用whose。5.Thisistheschool________________Ivisitedtheheadmastertenyearsago.3Where/inwhich【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为Ivisitedtheheadmastertenyearsago，从句的谓语动词为visited，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where或inwhich。6.Thisistheschool________________Iworkedintenyearsago.3【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为Iworkedintenyearsago，从句的谓语动词为workin，先行词在从句中作workin的宾语，因先行词为物，故用that，which或省略。that/which/省略7.Thisistheschool__________madeaspeechattheforum.3who/that【解析】先行词为theschool，定语从句为madeaspeechattheforum，从句的谓语动词为made，先行词在从句中作made的主语，但能够演讲的一定是“人”，故用who/that。3定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。“三找”：找先行词→找定语从句→找定语从句的谓语动词；“两定”：判定先行词与从句谓语动词的关系→确定关系代词或关系副词(兼顾人/物)。如先行词在从句中作主语，表语，宾语，定语(先行词与谓语动词无直接关系，先行词与其后的名词有所属关3系)，主补，或宾补，用关系代词；如先行词在从句中作状语，用关系副词；“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)1.我想买套窗户朝南的房子。I'dliketobuyaflat__________windowsfacesouth.＝I'dliketobuyaflat______________________________windowsfacesouth.＝I'dliketobuyaflat__________windows____________________facesouth.4关系代词whose怎么使用？whoseofwhichthetheofwhich2.单身汉就是未成家的男人。Abachelorisaman__________capcovershisfamily.＝Abachelorisaman______________________________capcovershisfamily.＝Abachelorisaman__________cap____________________covershisfamily.4whoseofwhomthethewhomof4先行词后的名词从属于先行词，用关系代词whose。whose＋n．＝the＋n.＋of＋which＝ofwhich＋the＋n.，如先行词是人，其中的which改为whom。5关系代词中that和which在用法上有什么区别？填写定语从句的引导词1.Students__________haveawiderangeofknowledgehaveadvantagesinexams.2.Thejointventure__________hasbroughtalotofjobstothelocalsplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthecity.that/whothat/which3.Pleaseinformmeofanything__________youfindunusual.4.Allmeasures__________canbetakenshouldbetakentoreduceenvironmentalpollution.5.Thebuildinginfrontof__________thereisadrugstoredatesback500years.6.China,__________coversanareaofover9.6millionsquarekilometers,isthethirdlargestcountryintheglobe.5that/省略whichwhichthat5当引导词确定为关系代词时，that和which用法上的区别可以分为三种情况：1．用that(四种情况)：先行词为特定词all,much，anything，nothing，everything，which，who等不定代词或疑问代词等；先行词前有特定词如形容词最高级，序数词，any，only，few，much,no，some，very等修饰；先行词既有人又有物时；先行词是人；52．用which，即在介词＋关系代词结构中，介词提前时或先行词是物的非限制性定语从句中只用which；3．that和which可以互换，即当先行词是物时，且不是特殊的先行词或先行词前没有特殊的词修饰时。用“介词＋关系代词”结构翻译下列句子。1.刚才我对他说话的那个人是个销售经理。6“介词＋关系代词”句式怎么使用？ThemantowhomIspokejustnowisasalesmanager.[Theman(who/that/whom/省略)Ispoketojustnowisasalesmanager.]2.这就是我经常借书的图书馆。6ThisisthelibraryfromwhichIoftenborrowbooks.[Thisisthelibrary(which/that/省略)Ioftenborrowbooksfrom.]6在“介词＋关系代词”句式中，当先行词为人时，此时关系代词只能用whom；当先行词为物时，关系代词只能用which。填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子1.Allthevegetablesaresaidtobefromthefarm__________myparentsworked.2.Thestudent__________Ioftenlentreferencebookswasacceptedbyakeyuniversity.7“介词＋关系代词”句式中介词怎么确定？onwhichtowhom3.80km/histhespeedlimit_____________driverswillbefined.4.YoushouldcarryyourIDcard_____________you'llpossiblygetintotrouble.5.Thisisthekeypoint__________weshouldpaymoreattention.7beyondwhichwithoutwhichtowhich7在关系代词前需要介词的定语从句中，介词的选用遵循“还原搭配”原则，即把定语从句还原成单独的一个句子，然后把先行词放在句末，再考虑在先行词前选用符合句意，搭配正确的介词。上述定语从句还原成单独的句子分别为：1.Myparentsworkedonthefarm.2.Ioftenlentreferencebookstothestudent.3.Driverswillbefinedbeyondthespeedlimit.74.You'llpossiblygetintotroublewithoutyourIDcard.5.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothekeypoint.填写适当的介词和关系代词完成句子1.Let'sjustdiscusssuchquestions__________areaboutcurrenteducationsystem.2.Thisissodifficultaproblem__________noneofusherecanworkout.8限制性定语从句中关系代词as怎么使用？asas3.Thisissodifficultaproblem________________________________noneofusherecanworkitout.4.I'dlikethesamecar________________________________________________________________________________mycolleaguehas.as句意为“我想要辆与我同事的车相同的车”(如填that，则表示“我想要我同事那辆车”)。8that(that引导的是结果状语从句)8as作为关系代词，在限制性定语从句中主要用于固定搭配such/so/thesame/as…as…中。注意：such/so…that…中that引导结果状语从句，意为“以致”。thesame…that…表示同一事物，而thesame…as…表