非物质文化遗产(英文版)

IntangibleCulturalHeritageByWordsworth2013.05.18DirectoryⅠ.BriefintroductionⅡ.DefinitionⅢ.SignificanceⅣ.CurrentsituationⅤ.PreservationⅥ.AnillustrationBrieflyspeaking:Intangibleculturalheritage(ICH)ispromotedbyUNESCOasacounterparttotheWorldheritagethatfocusesmainlyontangibleaspectsofculture.In2001,UNESCOmadeasurveyamongStatesandNGOstotrytoagreeonadefinition,andtheConventionfortheSafeguardingofIntangibleCulturalHeritagewasdraftedin2003foritsprotectionandpromotion.DefinitionIntangiblecultureisthecounterpartofculturewhichistangibleortouchable,whereasintangiblecultureincludessong,music,drama,skills,crafts,andtheotherpartsofculturethatcanberecordedbutcannotbetouchedandinteractedwith,withoutavehiclefortheculture.TheseculturalvehiclesarecalledHumanTreasuresbytheUN.SignificanceAccordingtothe2003ConventionfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage,theintangibleculturalheritage(ICH)–orlivingheritage–isthemainspringofhumanity'sculturaldiversityanditsmaintenanceaguaranteeforcontinuingcreativity.Significance&somedetailsIntangibleCulturalHeritagemeansthepractices,representations,expressions,knowledge,skills–aswellastheinstruments,objects,artifactsandculturalspacesassociatedtherewith–thatcommunities,groupsand,insomecases,individualsrecognizeaspartoftheirculturalheritage.Thisintangibleculturalheritage,transmittedfromgenerationtogeneration,isconstantlyrecreatedbycommunitiesandgroupsinresponsetotheirenvironment,theirinteractionwithnatureandtheirhistory,andprovidesthemwithasenseofidentityandcontinuity,thuspromotingrespectforculturaldiversityandhumancreativity.Significance&somedetailsForthepurposesofthisConvention,considerationwillbegivensolelytosuchintangibleculturalheritageasiscompatiblewithexistinginternationalhumanrightsinstruments,aswellaswiththerequirementsofmutualrespectamongcommunities,groupsandindividuals,andofsustainabledevelopment.CurrentsituationTwoworldwars,makingtheintangibleculturalheritagedevastatingdamage.Afterthewar,themajoreconomiesarebusyrevivingtheeconomy,ignoringtheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageTothebeginningofthe20thcentury,manyoftheintangibleculturalheritagehavedisappearedorendangered,duetotheinvasionofcommercialcivilizationandthelackofhumantransmission.PreservationInresponsetothisgrimsituation,priortotheUNESCOConvention,effortshadalreadybeenmadebyanumberofstatestosafeguardtheirintangibleheritage.Japan,withits1950LawfortheProtectionofCulturalProperties,wasthefirsttointroducelegislationtopreserveandpromoteintangibleaswellastangiblecultureOthercountries,includingSouthKorea(ImportantIntangibleCulturalPropertiesofKorea),theUnitedStates,Thailand,France,Romania,,andPoland,havesincecreatedsimilarprograms.China’sefforts①SpecialfundsfortheprotectionofICH.②ChinaIntangibleCulturalHeritagePark—Changfeng,Hefei.③IntangibleculturalheritageintotheclassroomSubsequentprogressIn2003UNESCOadoptedtheConventionfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage.ThiswentintoeffectonApril20,2006.TheConventionrecommendsthatcountriesandscholarsdevelopinventoriesofICHintheirterritory,aswellasworkwiththegroupswhomaintaintheseICHtoensuretheircontinuedexistences;italsoprovidesforfundstobevoluntarilycollectedamongUNESCOmembersandthendisbursedtosupportthemaintenanceofrecognizedICH.UNESCOhasalsocreatedotherintangiblecultureprograms,suchasalistcalledProclamationofMasterpiecesoftheOralandIntangibleHeritageofHumanity.AnIllustration:Myhometown’sIntangibleCulturalHeritage---FlowerDrumLanternFlowerDrumLanternOverviewFlowerDrumLantern,dubbedastheballetoftheeastbyPremierZhouEnlai,isafolkartcombiningwithsinginganddancing,whichstartedinSongDynasty(960-1279)andprevailedattheendofQingDynasty(1644-1911)andthebeginningoftheRepublicofChina(1912-1949).ThemostdistinguishedoneisinHuaiyuanonthetwobanksoftheHuaiheRiver,AnhuiProvince.Theancientlaborerswoulddanceandsangduringthenonagriculturalseason,certainlynotforartbutforrelaxationorventingtheiremotions.TheseimpromptudancingandsinginghadbeenturnedintoFlowerDrumLanterninSongDynasty,withdances,lanternsongsandgongsanddrumsasthemainelements.ArtisticstyleSinceitoriginatedfromtheHuaiheRiver,whereissituatedinthesouthoftheYellowRiverandnorthoftheChangjiangRiver,theflowerdrumlanterngatheredthenorthernandsouthernculturetogether,makingtheperformancenotonlyboldandcandidbutalsogentleandlovely.Thus，combiningtheagriculturalsocietycivilization,collectaestheticsandunderstandingtothelivingManifestationsⅠGenerally,thecastfortheFlowerDrumLanterninvolvesaband,performersandlightman.Asanimportantpartintheperformance,Gongsanddrumswillbebeataccordingtothechangesofscenesandstagelights.Featuredpassionaterhythmandstrongartisticattraction,gongsanddrumscanbeatsolelysometimes,whiletheyshouldbecombinedwithdancesandperformanceswhenthestagelightschange,servedasaccompanimenttoenrichingtheemotion.DanceisanotherimportantpartintheFlowerDrumLantern,includingtheemotionaldancebythewholegroupandperformancesmixingwithdance,martialartsandacrobaticsaswellasimpromptudancedramabytwoorthreepeople,highlightingthewholeperformance.Manifestatio