L1AdministrativeAgencies(2013)(week2)

WangYiwen2013/03/131LegalEnglishweek2WangYiwen2013/03/132OutlineRecapWarm-upActivityAdministrativeAgenciesinU.SDiscussionHomeworkWangYiwen2013/03/133Recap1.WhatislegalEnglish?2.WhatarethefeaturesoflegalEnglish?3.Whatislaw?4.Howtoclassifylaw?5.Whatisthemostobviousdistinctionbetweencivillawsystemandcommonlawsystem?WangYiwen2013/03/134Warm-upActivityCouldyounamesomeadministrativeagenciesinChina?WangYiwen2013/03/135司法部MinistryofJustice外交部MinistryofForeignAffairs国防部MinistryofNationalDefense教育部MinistryofEducationWangYiwen2013/03/136卫生部MinistryofPublicHealth财政部MinistryofFinance国家发展和改革委员会NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission国家经济贸易委员会StateEconomicandTradeCommissionWangYiwen2013/03/137Whatdoyouknowabouttheirfunctions?WangYiwen2013/03/138AdministrativeAgenciesinU.SUsefulExpressions1.legislative(立法的；立法机关的)p.62.administrativeagency(行政机构)p.83.strikedownaconduct(取消一项法规)p.44.conducthearing(进行听审)p.85.review(复议；审核)p.76.guideline(法规；章程)p.77.spellout(详尽说明)p.68.expertise(专门知识，专家鉴定)p.6WangYiwen2013/03/1399.AdministrativeProceduresAct(行政诉讼法案)p.610.enact(制定法律；颁布法律；通过法律)p.711.delegationofauthority/power(权力委任)p.312.executive(行政的)p.713.judicial(司法的)p.714.enforce(强制执行；实施)p.715.appeal(上诉；上诉状)p.7WangYiwen2013/03/1310AdministrativeAgenciesinU.SDefinition:Anofficialgovernmentalbodyempoweredwiththeauthoritytodirectandsupervisetheimplementationofparticularlegislativeacts.Inadditiontoagency,suchgovernmentalbodiesmaybecalledcommissions,corporations(e.g.FederalDepositInsuranceCorporation),boards,departments,ordivisions.WangYiwen2013/03/1311AdministrativeAgenciesinU.SCreation1.Reasonsofcreatingadministrativeagencies1)Ithasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttorunthecountrywhichhasgrowninsize,powerandpopulation.2)Lifehasbecomemuchmorecomplicatedinthetwentiethcenturythanitwasintheeighteenthcentury.WangYiwen2013/03/1312AdministrativeAgenciesinU.S2.PurposeofcreatingadministrativeagenciesAdministrativeagenciesarecreatedbythefederalConstitution,theU.S.Congress,statelegislatures,andlocallawmakingbodiestomanagecrises,redress(纠正，补偿)serioussocialproblems,oroverseecomplexmattersofgovernmentalconcernbeyondtheexpertiseoflegislators.WangYiwen2013/03/1313AdministrativeAgenciesinU.S3.ThetheorybehindthecreationofadministrativeagenciesQ:Howaretheadministrativeagenciesstaffed?Theadministrators’expertiseallowsthemtoresolveproblemswithinaparticularareaorindustryquicklyandeffectively.Administrativeagenciesaremadeupofexpertsinthespecializedareaswhoknowhowtodealwiththepeculiarproblemsencounteredwithinthearea.WangYiwen2013/03/1314AdministrativeAgenciesinU.SFunctionTooverseeandregulateaparticulararea,asdesignatedinthestatuteortheexecutiveorderthatcreatedtheagency.(a.Theprimaryfunctionofanyadministrativeagencyistheadministrationoftheareainwhichitisestablished.b.Anagencyiscreatedbystatute,andthatsamestatutedelineateswhytheagencywascreatedandwhattheagencyisexpectedto.)e.g.TheFTC(theFederalTradeCommission)wasestablishedbytheFederalTradeCommissionAct,whichalsochargedtheFTCwithaparticularroletofulfill.TheactgivestheFTCtheauthoritytoprevent“unfairmethodsofcompetitiononcommerceandunfairanddeceptiveactsorpracticesincommerce”.TheFTCislimitedtotheareaofcommerceandcannotadministerinareasoutsidethislimitation.WangYiwen2013/03/1315AdministrativeAgenciesinU.SPowersquasi-legislativepowersquasi-executivepowersquasi-judicialpowersONLYundertheconditionthattheagencyoperateswithinitsparametersenactrulesandregulationsenforcetherulesandregulationsconducthearingsonallegedviolationsontherulesandregulationsWangYiwen2013/03/1316AdministrativeAgenciesinU.SAnagency’sactionsmustbeinaccordancewithitsenablingstatute（授权法令）,andcourtswillexaminetheagencyrecordstodeterminewhethertheagencyexceededitslawmakingorjudicialpowers.WangYiwen2013/03/1317AdministrativeAgenciesinU.STokeepagenciesfromwielding（挥）unbridled(放肆的）power,theAdministrativeProcedureActof1946(APA)setsstandardsfortheactivitiesandrulemakingofallfederalregulatoryagencies.TheAPAprovidesfederalcourtswithaframeworkforreviewingtherulesmadeandproceduresusedbyadministrativeagencies.Individualstateshavesimilarstatutestoguidetheirowncourts.WangYiwen2013/03/1318FederalAdministrativeAgenciesinU.S.TheGeneralServicesAdministration（总务署）controlsmuchofthephysicalpropertyofthefederalgovernment.Itisresponsibleforthepurchase,supply,operationandmaintenanceoffederalproperty,buildingsandequipment,andforthesaleofsurplusitems.WangYiwen2013/03/1319FederalAdministrativeAgenciesinU.S.TheOfficeofPersonnelManagement(人事管理总署)in1979assumedfunctionsoftheCivilServiceCommission,whichwascreatedin1883toestablishameritsystemforgovernmentserviceandtoeliminatepoliticsfrompublicappointments.Theagencyholdscompetitiveexaminationsacrossthecountrytoselectqualifiedworkersforaboutthreemilliongovernmentposts.Italsosponsorsprogramstoincreasetheeffectivenessofgovernmentemployees.WangYiwen2013/03/1320FederalAdministrativeAgenciesinU.S.TheGeneralAccountingOffice(会计总署)isanarmofthelegislativebranchthatoverseesexpendituresbytheexecutivebranch.ItisheadedbytheComptrollerGeneralofth