人教版高中英语选修六虚拟语气

SubjunctivemoodGrammar一、语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。关于陈述语气1Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.关于陈述语气2关于祈使语气1关于祈使语气2关于祈使语气3关于祈使语气4如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果他来这儿,他就能够帮助你了。Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在V+ed(were)would/could/should/might+V(原)要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。Ifshehadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去haddonewould/could/should/might+have+p.p.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.要是失败了，我会再试一次。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V+ed(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法1.如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier,you_________________thebus.2.如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。IfI____notbusy,I__________younow.3.如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What______wedoifit____________tomorrow?hadgotwerewouldhelpshouldweretosnowwouldhavecaughtIfI____________busylastnight,I_______________toseethefilmwithyou.hadnotbeenwouldhavegoneIfhe_________morecarefully,he____________________thecaraccidentyesterday.wouldnothavehadhaddrivenIfI___________(know)yourtelephonenumber,I______________________(telephone)youyesterday.hadknownwouldhavetelephoned二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语从句现在:过去时(were)过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.(高考链接)HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhadIwishI___abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.A.shouldB.wereC.hadbeenD.waswouldrather后的从句：1.Iwouldrather_________(finish)myhomeworktoday.2.Iwouldrather___________(nottell)herthenews.Sheissuchagossip.finishnothavetold1.后接动词原形,指现在或将来的时间,表示主语的主观愿望和选择。2.后接（not）havedone,表示过去的某种不恰当的选择.2.wouldratherthat现在:过去:未来:★Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.★IwouldratherIhadn’tcomeyesterday.★Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3.wouldrather之后接从句：(1)Iwouldratheryou_____(pay)themoneyyourself.(2)Iwouldrathershe______________(notbreak)thewindow.结论：表示现在或将来的情况用表示过去的情况用（高考链接）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe____moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocusedpaidhadnotbroken一般过去时过去完成时3.asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时★Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.★Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.★他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.★他看上去像是醉了。Helooksasifheweredrunk.★她看起来似乎是冰做的。Shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.我们该去睡觉了。4.It’s(about/high)time+that过去时(were)should(不省)+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词:一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1)insist2)order,command3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,askIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。1)Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2)Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalatonce.obeywasbesent3)Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.4)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe____(be)ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should)+动词原形order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形★我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.★我们有必要努力学习。It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.7.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中，“要是……就好了”IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!要是我看过那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!8.在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。•Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp…=Withoutyourhelp…=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…思考：IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefullyinclass,youwouldknowwhattodonow.注意：当主句和从句所指的时间不一致，主从句的谓语需要根据实际时间概念确定，形成混合虚拟语气。（高考链接）ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI___inlove,attheageof7,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall9.混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetestifhehadtakenmyadvice.★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebro