致用英语 Unit 2 War and peace

Unit2Warandpeace•topic•Listen•Reading:③•GrammarandVocabularyBuilding:②•Vocabulary:①•Writingandculturetips:④•Exercises:⑤1)Yourideas:A:a.NapoleonBonaparte;b.YueFei;c.WinstonChurchill;d.AbrahamLincolnB:2)Vocabularyonpage18a.helmet;b.trench;c.drawbridge;d.gasmask;e.moat;f.sandbag;g.bullet-proofvest;h.fortressInthefirstdecadeofthe19thcentury,heturnedtheFrencharmiesagainsteverymajorEuropeanpoweranddominatedcontinentalEuropethroughaseriesofmilitaryvictories.HisarmywasbadlydamagedintheFrenchinvasionofRussiain1812andattheBattleofWaterlooinJune1815.•ThefamousChinesepatriotandmilitarygeneralfoughtfortheSouthernSongDynastyagainsttheJurchen(女真)armiesofJinDynasty.WinstonChurchillledBritaintofightagainsttheAxis(轴心国)duringWWII.AbrahamLincoln,the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,successfullyledthecountrythroughitsgreatinternalcrisis,theAmericanCivilWar,preservingtheUnionandendingslavery.WarsinhistoryTimeCountriesinvolvedCause1840-1842BritainandChinaTheBritishsmugglingofopiumintoChinawasprohibitedin1839.asaresult,BritainsentwarshipstoChinain1840TheOpiumWarWarsinhistoryTimeCountriesinvolvedCauseTheAmericanCivilWar1861-1865AcivilwarinAmerica:theFederalgovernmentintheNorthvs.theConfederatestatesofAmericaintheSouthTheFederalgovernmentcampaignedagainsttheexpansionofslaveryintheSouthernstates.WarsinhistoryTimeCountriesinvolvedCauseTheWorldWarII1939-1945Amajorityoftheworld’snationsintotwoopposingmilitaryalliances:theAlliesandtheAxis.Itwascausedbythelong-termtensionsandresentmentsamongmanyEuropeancountries,andthemilitaryaggressionsmadebytherulingNaziinGermanyandtheleadershipinJapan.WarsinhistoryTimeCountriesinvolvedCauseTheAnti-JapaneseWar1937-1945ChinaandJapanTheinvasionofJapanesearmyintoChinaledtothefull-scalewarin1937WarsinhistoryTimeCountriesinvolvedCauseTheGulfWarAug.1990-Feb.1991Iraqvs.America,Britain,Canada,etc.IraqitroopsinvadedKuwaitand,therefore,threatenedavitalinterestofAmericaandmanyotherWesterncountriesfortheyweregreatlydependentontheoilsuppliesinthisarea.•amaze[ə‘meiz]]vt.使惊异，惊奇•atomic[ə‘tɔmik]adj.原子能的•burndown焚毁，烧毁•carve[kɑ:v]v.刻，雕刻•crane[krein]n.鹤amazevt.使惊异，惊奇(tosurprisesomeoneverymuch)e.g.(1)Yourknowledgeamazesme.你丰富的知识令我吃惊。(2)Itamazedustohearthatyouwereleaving.听到你要走,我们都很吃惊。→amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的；（尤指）令人惊喜（或惊羡、惊叹）的e.g.Youareamazing.你太了不起了.carvevt./vi.刻，雕刻(tocutapatternorletteronthesurfaceofsth)e.g.Thestatuewascarvedoutofstone.这尊像是石头雕成的。→切,切碎e.g.Atthedinnertable,father'sjobistocarvethemeat.吃饭时,爸爸的工作是切肉。→☆carveout用辛勤的劳动创造出…e.g.Hecarvedoutanameforhimselfintheengineeringbusiness.在土木工程业方面,他孜孜以求为自己赢得了声誉。•dizzy[‘dizi]]adj.眩晕的•explode[iks‘pləud]v.爆炸•explosion[iks‘pləuʒən]]n.爆炸•fold[fəuld]v.折叠•Hiroshima[,hirə‘ʃi:mə]]日本广岛市dizzyadj.眩晕的(feelingunabletostandsteadily)e.g.(1)Ifyoufeeldizzyorshortofbreath,stopexercisingimmediately.(2)Iwasdizzyfromlackoffood.由于没吃东西我感到头晕目眩explodev.爆炸→explosionn.(toburst,ortomakesthburst,intosmallpieces)e.g.Whentheboilerexploded,manypeoplewerehurt.→爆[突]发,发怒vi.e.g.Atlasthislaughterexploded.他最后哄然大笑起来。→激增,迅速扩大e.g.Thepopulationwasstillexploding.人口仍在迅猛增长。foldv.折叠;对折交叠；包围，笼罩(tobendapieceofpaper,clothetc.bylayingorpressingonepartoveranother)→折叠;对折交叠(vt./vi.)e.g.(1)Ifoldedtheletterandthenputitintotheenvelope.(2)Afanfolds.→包围，笼罩Vt.e.g.Darkcloudsfoldedthehills.乌云笼罩着群山。我把信折好后放进信封里。扇子可以折叠起来。•leukaemia[lju:’ki:miə]n.白血病•monument[‘mɔnjumənt]n.纪念碑，纪念像•sacred[‘seikrid]]adj.神圣的•scared[skeəd]adj.害怕的；惊慌的•smash[smæʃ]v.摧毁；n.猛击，撞击monumentn.纪念碑，纪念像(abuilding,statue,orotherlargestructurethatisbuilttoremindpeopleofanimportanteventorafamousperson.)e.g.树立了一块纪念碑纪念那位伟大的科学家。Amonumentwaserectedtothememoryofthatgreatscientist.→monumentaladj.重要的;意义深远的;不朽的(通常用于名词前)e.g.amonumentalachievement重要的成就sacredadj.神圣的(relatingtogodorreligion)e.g.教堂是神圣的建筑物。Achurchisasacredbuilding.→adj.受尊重的；受崇敬的；不可冒犯的e.g.InAfricathesnakeisstillsacredwithmanytribes.非洲许多部落仍认为蛇是不可冒犯的。→同义词divine[di’vain];holy;heavenlyscaredadj.害怕的；惊慌的(frightenedofsomething,ornervousaboutsth.)e.g.(1)Iamscaredtoflyinaplane.我怕坐飞机。(2)Iamscaredthattheplanemightcrash.我怕飞机会失事。→同义词frightenedsmashv.摧毁;n.猛击，撞击(tobreakintopiecesviolentlyornoisily)e.g.(1)Thefiremenhadtosmashthelocktogetin.(2)Severalcupsfelltothefloorandsmashedtopieces.→☆smashsth.down撞倒，捣毁e.g.Thefiremensmashedthedoordowntoreachthechildren.→☆smashsth.in被撞瘪/凹…e.g.Thedoorhadbeensmashedin.•spread[spred]v.流传•surround[sə‘raund]]v.围住，环绕•Tokyo[’tɔ:kjɔ:]n.日本东京spreadv.流传(tobecomeknownbymoreandmorepeople)e.g.(1)那场爆炸的新闻迅速传开了。Newsoftheexplosionspreadswiftly.(2)Hespreadthenewsaroundthetown.→☆spreadout伸展;延长e.g.Thewoodspreadoutinalldirections.树木向四面八方延伸。→☆spreadover分散;传开;传遍e.g.瘟疫在好几个州传开了。Theplaguehasspreadovermanystates.surroundv.围住，环绕(toallaroundsomeoneorsth.oneveryside)e.g.军队包围了那个城镇。Troopshavesurroundedthetown.→surroundingn.(pl.)环境;adj.周围的;附近的e.g.(1)他没有多注意他周围的环境。Hedidn’tpaymuchattentiontohissurroundings.(2)Foxesstartedcominginfromthesurroundingcountryside.狐狸开始从附近的乡下跑进来。★instantaneousverbs(瞬时动词)InEnglish,verbssuchasdie,stop,leave,come,buyareoftenusedtodescribeanactionthattakesplaceinaninstanceoftime.Theseverbscannotbeusedtogetherwithtimeexpressionssu